Coenzyme Q (Ubiquinone) is widely distributed in the animal, plant and microorganism kingdoms including human beings, and is now generally recognized to have an important role in the electron transport system. However, the physiological actions of this substance have not yet exactly known. The objectives of this study are to clarify the protective and restorative effects of coenzyme Q on the hypercitricemia arising from alloxan treatment.
Young male rats of the Wistar strain, weighing 150 to 200gm., were used. Rats were made diabetic by the intravenous administration by tail vein in doses of 80mg. of alloxan monohydrate/Kg. of body weight after deprivation of food overnight. At 24 hours following alloxanization, hypercitricemia and hyperglycemia were apparent. Single intraperitoneal administration of 100mg. coenzyme Q₇/Kg. of body weight given before alloxaninzation protected against both the hypercitricemia and hyperglycemia arising from alloxan.
As a restorative effect of coenzyme Q, the diabetic rats were used 2-4 weeks after receiving alloxan. The rats received 2 intramuscular injections of coenzyme Q₇ at 12 hours interval in total doses of 400mg/l Kg. of body weight. At 24 hours later after the first administration of coenzyme Q₇ the hypercitricemia induced by alloxan trended to reduce toward the normal level, but there was no significant effect on hyperglycemia.

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It has been previously observed that the blood citric acid content of patients with severe early destructive periodontal disease is significantly higher than normal, and that the cellular metabolic activity in the periodontal tissues is depressed under the hypercitricemic conditions. It seems, therefore, likely that in the treatment on some patients with periodontal disease whose blood citrate levels are high, a systemic therapy should be considered for the specific purpose of lowering blood citrate in an effort to stimulate cellular activity in the periodontal tissues.
More recently, we and our coworkers have newly found that coenzyme Q (ubiquinone) improves the disturbed metabolism of citric acid induced by alloxan-diabetes or ascorbic acid deficiency. These experiments urged us to administrate this drug to patients with periodontal disease.
This communication deals with the clinical investigations regarding the effect of coenzyme Q₇ on the hypercitricemia of patients with periodontal disease.
The oral administration of coenzyme Q₇, at a daily dose of 30 mg, . everyday for 10 days was effective to improve the hypercitricemia of 35 cases with periodontal disease. The side effect of this drug was not found in all test subjects. Those individuals whose blood citrate levels were remarkably restored to normal levels exhibited a good periodontal response to local treatment with the improvement of systemic conditions.

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Toothbrushing habits were studied by chronocyclograph and EMG as to the movements o upper extremity muscles. Quantitative determinations were successfully made of toothbrushing force and contact pressure of toothbrush against the teeth.
In a toothbrushing with a manual toothbrush horizontally or with a stiff bristle manual toothbrush, M. deltoideus got markedly contracted. The rolling toothbrushing method or the use of a soft bristle manual brush was accompanied by active exertion of M. flexor carpi radialis and M. flexor pollicis brevis.
Toothbrushing force changes depending upon the kind of the brush used and the locality of brushing as well as upon the stiffness or softness of bristle. It is even more influenced by individual brushing activities, that is habits in brushing.
Individuality of toothbrushing force was more marked with a manual toothbrush than with an automatic toothbrush. Individuality of contact pressure was also found with a manual toothbrush.
1) Contact pressure was generally 20-400g, and toothbrushing force 200-1000g, proportional relationship being not always existent between the former and the latter.
2) Toothbrushing force with a manual soft bristle toothbrush was greater than with a manual stiff bristle toothbrush.
3) Toothbrushing force with the same manual toothbrush showed no variation subject to different toothbrushing methods.
4) Toothbrushing force with a manual toothbrush on a rolling method showed variations depending upon the locality of toothbrushing, i. e., toothbrushing force was greater in anterior teeth than in lateral teeth. But no variations were observed on a horizontal method.
5) Toothbrushing force was greater in the frontal bristle portion of a manual toothbrush than in the middle or the rear portion.
6) Toothbrushing force with an automatic toothbrush revealed slightly less individuality than with a manual toothbrush. But no relationship in toothbrushing force was observed between these two toothbrushes.
When a manual toothbrush was used a corelationship was observed between toothbrushing force and effectiveness of toothbrushing with Skinner's iodine solution, i. e., the greater the toothbrushing force the more the effectiveness of toothbrushing. Thus it is required that individuals, who perfunctly brush their teeth improve their habitual practice of brushing.
An automatic toothbrushing was not so much affected by toothbrushing habits as a manual toothbrushing. It's effectiveness, being various, was not related with toothbrushing force.
But an automatic toothbrushing, if performed with purposely varying toothbrushing force. might show more effectiveness as toothbrushing force increased.
In order to use an automatic toothbrush most effectively attention should be given to toothbrushing force or to the prolongation of brushing time. It is suggested that an automatic toothbrush be equipped with an apparatus to adjust toothbrushing force with care that too big toothbrushing force may influence upon periodontal tissues.

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To have better anti-dentalcaries agents, it is desirable to find out the medicines having properties to localize on the surface of tooth, as well as to inhibit growth of oral bacteria, and then to protect caries lesion.
Studies along this line have revealed that among several dipyridyl compounds examined, o-phenanthroline has these characters in an appreciable degree, and neo-cuproine has also an antibacterial nature and protects experimental rat caries cavities but is lacking in an ability to localize on the surface of tooth.
1) Wister rat's molars challenged with high sugar diet, 6-PMV which is called caries-producing diet, for 90 days. 80 wister rats were used in the present experiment. Among the two rats feeded in one cage, one was treated with o-phenanthroline or neo-cuproine and the other was control. By comparing the number of caries found in the rats treated with these two compounds to that of control, using χ²-test method, it was shown that o-phenanthroline inhibited caries producing in the order of P<0.05, and neo-cuproine in the order of P<0.30.
2) Knoop hardness of enamel surfaces were measured before and after the treatments with these compounds. Differences of hardness between these two experiments has not been detected.
3) Ca^_??_ or Fe^_??_ complexes of o-phenanthroline were synthesized, and an antibacterial nature of these two complexes were tested by Disk method using St. mitis 39.

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The relationship between periodontal disease and blood pressure change in cold pressor test of 235 pupils from 15 to 17 year-age, both male and female, in a high school was studied in the group periodontal disease and the control group.
The findings were given as follows:
1) There was no significant difference in the systolic and diastolic blood pressure level between the periodontal disease group and the control group of both male and female.
2) In male subjects, the blood pressure range caused by cold stimulus was larger in the disease group at systole, whereas the steeper increment of the range was observed in the control group at diastolic pressure.
3) The differences of the basal level, pressure range and the increment between the both groups in female were not so obvious as by male.

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