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Volume 40 (1990)
- Issue 5 Pages 602-
- Issue 3 Pages 270-
- Issue 2 Pages 162-
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Volume 40, Issue 2
Displaying 1-15 of 15 articles from this issue
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Kazuo KATO, Nobuyuki KIMATA, Haruo NAKAGAKI1990 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 162-168
Published: April 30, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThere is no information about the fluoride distribution in human deciduous cementum, although that of human permanent teeth was recently reported in detail. This study was undertaken to determine the fluoride distribution in human deciduous cementum, comparing the profiles of fluoride concentration in right and left teeth. 10 pairs of sound deciduous canines extracted from subjects aged 6-9 were examined. The teeth were sectioned and cementum specimens were removed from the buccal or lingual surface of sections. The fluoride concentration in each specimen was determined in samples removed sequentially from the root surface to the cementum-dentine junction, using an abrasive microsampling technique. The fluoride and phosphorus contents of each sample were determined and fluoride concentrations were calculated from the F : P ratios obtained. The concentrations of fluoride were highest at or near the cement surface and decreased towards the interior. On the other hand, the distribution patterns of fluoride in contralateral teeth from the same subject were roughly similar, although the concentrations and patterns of fluoride were different in each subject. It was concluded that each individual has a characteristic fluoride distribution in the deciduous cementum.View full abstractDownload PDF (1252K) -
Fumiyuki KARAKAMA1990 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 169-180
Published: April 30, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe external appearance of white and brown areas of enamel which serve as macroscopic indicators of primary caries was assessed in relation to the extent of subsurface lesions. Teeth covered with soft debris and calculus over the white and brown spots were also investigated.
A total of 84 extracted human molar and premolar teeth with white or brown spots on the proximal surfaces were studied. Seven to thirteen parallel sections were cut from each specimen, and the subsurface lesions were delineated by microradiography. Regions of positive birefringence were recorded by polarizing microscopy. The radiographs and the affected regions were integrated to collate the extent of white and brown spots with soft debris and calculus, respectively. Reconstruction diagrams thus obtained were analyzed, and the results are listed as follows:
1. There was evidence of subsurface lesions within the boundaries of the brown spots.
2. White spots were variably accompanied by subsurface lesions.
3. The extent of subsurface lesions was generally smaller than the grossly observable areas of primary caries, i.e., white or brown spots. There was no case in which the extent of macroscopic change coincided with the boundaries of subsurface lesions.
4. Areas of subsurface lesions were occasionally noted in grossly intact areas of the teeth.
5. No white or brown spots or subsurface lesions were demonstrated in areas of contact points.
6. In cases where subsurface lesions were noted in areas of soft debris and calculus, white/brown spots were demonstrated in the underlying tooth surfaces.
7. There was little or no subsurface lesions under calculus on intact tooth surfaces.
This paper describes a study that morphologically correlates white and brown spots of the smooth surfaces of teeth with subsurface demineralization.View full abstractDownload PDF (9168K) -
Keiichi SAITO, Katsuhiko TAURA, Yoshihiro SHIMADA1990 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 181-184
Published: April 30, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present investigation was undertaken to study the relation of attrition in deciduous dentition to dental caries, gingivitis, oral cleanliness, maloccluded teeth, and interdental spaces in 178 nursery school children aged 2 to 6 years in Sendai. These subjects were dentally examined and divided into 5 age groups at one year intervals, and the correlation coefficients between attrition score and deft, defs, GI, DI-S, number of maloccluded teeth, and number of interdental spaces were calculated in each age group.
There was no significant correlation between attrition score and deft, defs, GI, DI-S, or number of maloccluded teeth. However, a significant positive correlation was found between attrition score and number of interdental spaces in the 5-year and 6-year age group.
We therefore suggest that the children aged 5 and 6 years with marked attrition may have more interdental spaces than those with slight attrition, but there may be no relation between attrition and dental caries, gingivitis, oral cleanliness, and maloccluded teeth.View full abstractDownload PDF (792K) -
Shin ASANUMA, Katsuhiko TAURA, Yoshihiro SHIMADA1990 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 185-189
Published: April 30, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study was to clarify the relationship of ginvival pigmentation to skin color and smoking in young male adults. The subjects were 62 male dental students aged 21 to 39 years in Tohoku University. The brown intensity (BI) and pigmentation extent (PE) of the labial gingiva of the anterior teeth in each jaw were examined and the gingival pigmentation index (GPI) was calculated by adding upper BI×PE to the lower one. The skin color of the inside of the right upper arm was evaluated with a chroma meter (CR-200, Minolta). Smoking was surveyed with a questionnaire and smoking experience was estimated by multiplying daily cigarette consumption by years of smoking.
The results were as follows:
1) Among 62 students, 27 (43.5%) had gingival pigmentation.
2) There was a significant negative regression coefficient between skin lightness and PE (P<0.01). There were also significant negative regression coefficients between skin lightness and both BI and GPI (p<0.05). Moreover, highly significant negative correlations were found between skin lightness and gingival pigmentation.
3) There were significant positive regression coefficients between gingival pigmentation and SE (p<0.01). Highly significant positive correlations were observed between SE and gingival pigmentation.
4) The relative risk of gingival pigmentation in smokers was 27 times of non-smokers.View full abstractDownload PDF (1081K) -
Masakazu INOUE, Naohiko INOUE, Gakuji ITO, Reiko IWATSUBO, Tetsuya KAM ...1990 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 190-200
Published: April 30, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFive thousand eight hundred elderly persons (2, 212 males and 3, 588 females) aged 40 years or above, who lived in Miyako district, Okinawa, were examined for the occuccence of dental caries, periodontal diseases, and tooth loss with reference to systemic conditions of the examinees.
The Average number per person of present, intact, and carious teeth decreased with increase of age, and the rate of carious teeth (the total, untreated and heavy) and tooth loss increased. However, the relative number of persons who suffered from dental diseases, namely dental caries. periodontal diseases, or untreated tooth defects, decreased with higher age. Compared to ambulatory (non-bed-ridden) persons aged 60 years or higher, the bed-ridden had fewer present and intact teeth and the rate of untreated and severe carious teeth was higher. The Majority of the bed-ridden also had multiple and severe dental diseases, mainly dental caries and tooth loss, at higher rate. The tooth defects were mostly untreated but no other dental diseases coexisted in most of the cases.
A significant number (41.3%) of the examinees had systemic disorders, mainly cardiovascular diseases. Most of the patients suffered from multiple diseases (40.2%) and required medical treatment (51.9%). Approximately two-thirds (63.4%) of the examinees required dental treatment. The bed-ridlen had generally a multiple number of systemic diseases, of which more than half (55.3%), compared to onefourth (28.1%) for the healthy, required prompt medical examination and treatment. The neccessity of dental treatment was higher (61.9%) for the bed-ridden than for the ambulatoy (53.9%), and in most cases prompt treatment was desirable.View full abstractDownload PDF (1897K) -
Findings at Admission IIAkira OGURO, Kin-ichi HORII1990 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 201-208
Published: April 30, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEpidemiological analyses were performed on the prevalence of dental caries among the 1107 subjects at the time they were admitted to the Niigata Prefectural Institute of Total Traning for the Mentally Retarded, Colony Niigata Shiroiwa-no-Sato, during the years 1971-1988. Statistical analyses were done using a data base which was constructed from examination records in which caries was graded according to the four-grade diagnostic standard.
(1) The tooth DMF rate was 22.0-31.4 % for the 15-19-year-old age groups for the periods 1971-1975, 1976-1981 and 1982-1988, and was calculated to reach more than 50% at the end of the subjects' 40s for the period 1982-1988, gradually increasing with age and time. Changes in the tooth mortality rate and the tooth fatality rate due to dental caries in all subjects in their 30s were 18.1, 26.1, and 27.8%, and 51.7, 62.6, and 53.6%, respectively, for the periods 1971-1975, 1976-1981, and 1982-1988. The changes in these two indices in the 15-19-year-olds were on the decrease: 6.0, 4.5, and3.1%, and 23.1, 16.8, and 11.7%, respectively. The treated tooth rate and the restorative index were designated for all the age groups on the basis of the values determined for the 15-19-year-old group. These were 8.9, 15.2, and 16.8%, and 41.8, 62.2, and 69.9% in 1971-1975, 1976-1981, and 1982-1988, respectively.
In comparison to the averages of all Japanese, the rate of tooth loss was higher among our subjects up to the present. As a result, the rate of tooth treatment is proportionally diminished. There was not a great difference in the rate of occurrence of dental caries.
(2) Though there was a considerable difference between males and females in dental caries prevalence in 1971-1975, it disappeared in 1982-1988, showing early signs of fading in 1976-1981.
(3) There was no difference in dental caries prevalence between the profound to severely retarded and the moderately retarded who could be institutionalized. Even when the degree of mental retardation influenced dental caries prevalence it played a role that was less influential than that of dental care service; it did not directly correlate with cavity formation.
(4) The Occurrence of dental caries showed no fluctuation in females and was on a very gradual increase in males in these 17 years. The rate of treated cavities rapidly increased. Therefore, there was a corresponding decrease in untreated and lost teeth.View full abstractDownload PDF (1636K) -
Youichi IIJIMA, Chieko MATSUO, Okiuji TAKAGI1990 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 209-215
Published: April 30, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe alkali-soluble fluoride concentration in human enamel in vitro was investigated. Enamel slabs were treated with a single application of APF solution or a single or daily applications of mouthrinsing solution with 0.05% NaF for 2 weeks and subsequently exposed to 1 M KOH solution for 24 hours.
A single application of APF solution (4 min., pH 3.6, F: 9, 000ppm) increased the fluoride concentration from approximately 820ppm to 3, 400 ppm in the first layer of enamel. About 70% of the major part of fluoride deposited in the first layer of enamel was alkali-soluble (i.e. CaF2). The alkalisoluble fluoride was about 60% in the second layer. This result also suggested that KOH solution was able to penetrate into the inner enamel layer.
A single or daily applications of mouthrinsing solution with 0.05% NaF (1 min., pH 7.0, F: 250 ppm) for 2 weeks increased the fluoride concentration only in the first layer of enamel. This result suggests that the increased fluoride was derived from alkali-insoluble fluoride (i.e. FA: fluoroapatite).View full abstractDownload PDF (1629K) -
4. Relation between Social and Time-related Change in Dental Health of 3-year-oldsFumie TAKAHASHI, Tsuyoshi KATAYAMA, Kohko OSADA, Takahide UCHIYAMA, Yo ...1990 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 216-223
Published: April 30, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe used factor analysis to study the relation between regional difference in dental caries prevalence rate among Japanese 3-year-olds and 31 prefectural socioeconomical indices such as population, industry, culture and health.
In 1975, 1980 and 1985, five common factors clearly represented the prefectural socioeconomical indices and were closely related to the community characteristics. 47 prefectures were divided into three areas such as “rural”, “urban-rural” and “urban” by means of cluster analysis based on factor scores.
The most significant factors characterizing urban and rural areas were population and industrial structures during the decade from 1975 to 1985, when gravitaion of the population toward cities and aging of the rural population occurred. In parallel with the increase in difference between urban and rural areas, urban-rural prefectures around big cities have been gradually urbanized. Urban areas, however, had little change and the caries prevalence rate among 3-year-olds was constantly low. On the other hand, constant higher caries prevalence rate in rural areas has been observed.
The present investigation indicates that recent declining trends in caries prevalence among 3-year-old Japanese children could due to the decrease of caries prevalence in “urban-rural”prefectures where the social structure was remarkably changed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1605K) -
Takashi HANIOKA, Hideki NAGATA, Yukitaka MURAKAMI, Satoshi SHIZUKUISHI1990 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 224-231
Published: April 30, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of tooth brushing on hemoglobin concentration and oxygen saturation in clinically healthy gingivae and inflamed gingivae of humans. Thirteen subjects with healthy gingivae and ten subjects with inflamed gingivae participated in this study. Hemoglobin concentration (Hb index) and oxygen saturation (SO2 index) in papillary gingivae were assessed using a noninvasive tissue reflectance spectrophotometer. Measurements were made before and continuously after brushing in a standardized manner. In healthy gingivae, the Hb index increased 30-40% and then decreased 10-20% from baseline within the first 5min after the release of pressure from brushing. The SO2 index increased significantly between 1min and 30min after brushing. The Hb index and the SO2 index returned to baseline within 60min and 90min after brushing, respectively. In inflamed gingivae., changes in the Hb index and the SO2 index showd patterns similar to those in healthy gingivae. However, the Hb index reached minimum level at 10min after brushing and did not recover during the monitoring period. A significant increase in SO2 index was observed between 5 and 10min after brushing. In conclusion, tooth brushing caused a rapid increase followed by a decrease in hemoglobin concentration and an increase in oxygen saturation in human gingivae, and these microvascular responses occurred slowly in inflamed gingivae.View full abstractDownload PDF (1576K) -
Setsuo HAMADA, Yoko SAITO, Tohru KAWASAKI1990 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 232-237
Published: April 30, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe supernatant of human whole saliva separated by centrifugation contains low-molecular weight, thermostable, water-soluble and ninhydrin positive substances, which promote glycolysis of the salivary sediment and pure culture ofStr. mutans6715, Str. faecalisATCC 9790 andLact. caseiATCC 4646. These substances are reported by some investigators to be peptides or amino acids. We fractionated these substances by ion exchange chromatography, which is widely used for fractionation of peptides, using pyridine-acetic acid buffer, and examined their glycolytic-enhancing activity. Whole saliva was centrifuged at 26, 000×g for 20min. and separated into supernatant and sediment. The supernatant was dialyzed against distilled water through a cellophane membrane, and the dialysate was gel filtrated through a Sephadex G-25 column eluted with 0.2M acetic acid solution (pH 2.7). The ninhydrin positive fraction was chromatographed on the ion exchange resin Dowex 50W and eluted at the incremental pyridine concentration gradient of 0.2M pyridine-acetic acid (pH 3.1), 2M pyridineacetic acid (pH 5.0) and 4M pyridine-acetic acid (pH 5.6). Peptides and amino acids were assayed in the elute by the ninhydrin method after alkaline hydrolysis. A total of 15 fractions were obtained by Dowex 50W ion exchange chromatography. Glycolytic-enhancing activity was observed in fractions eluted at pH 3-4, which contained L-glutamine, L-glutamic acid, L-serine and L-proline. These individual amino acids did not promote glycolysis.View full abstractDownload PDF (1008K) -
Hisako SASAHARA, Makoto KAWAMURA, Hitoshi AOYAMA, Takeshi WATANABE, Ma ...1990 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 238-243
Published: April 30, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of the chewing gum containing egg-white lysozyme on gingivitis. Sixteen adults aged 18 to 26 years, who exhibited clinically slight gingivitis, were chosen for the study based on preliminary screening. The volunteers were randomly assigned to two groups of eight. They were directed to chew a piece of chewing gum containing 1% egg-white lysozyme or placebo for 5 minutes after each meal during 2 weeks. The experiments were performed in a double blind method. Oral examinations (probing depth, gingival score, bleeding score and plaque score) were carried out on day 1, day 8, and day 15 of the experimental period. All the subjects were instructed to continue their habitual toothbrushing. At the end of the experimental period, the volunteers answered a questionnaire about their subjective feelings and what they thought of the gum. The results were as follows.
1) The probing depth, the bleeding score, and the plaque score in both groups decreased at the end of the period.
2) The experimental group had a significantly larger decreace in the probing depth and plaque score than the placebo group, but there was not a significant difference in the gingival score between the two groups.
3) Concerning the size, hardness, thickness, and taste of the chewing gum, most of the subjects of both groups judged them appropriate and favorable. With respect to the mouth condition, 6 of the placebo group noticed no change, while 4 of the experimental group answered that they felt a decrease in gingival bleeding.
These results indicate that the lysozyme-containing chewing gum may be effective in the maintenance of oral health and that this gum may be acceptable to patients with gingivitis.View full abstractDownload PDF (1194K) -
I On 90Sr between 1900-1970 (as of May, 1989)Moriyo HINOIDE, Hideo NAKAMURA, Kazuhiko INOUE, Susumu IMAI1990 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 244-250
Published: April 30, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1) Strontium-90 level was determined in May 1989 in 40 sample groups of Japanese teeth, for a total of 1022 third molars, obtained from donors born in 1900-1970.
2) The teeth from donors born in 1925-1931, and which were extracted in the donors' twenties did not contain detectable strontium-90.
3) Strontium-90 level of the teeth from donors born in and after 1942 suddenly increased, and reached peak value of 62.8 to 72.8mBq/g Ca in 1953. It abruptly decreased after 1954 and reached approximately 20mBq/g Ca by 1970.
4) In the teeth obtained from donors born in 1900-1924, and which were extracted at the age of 30 to 69, a small amount of strontium-90 was detected.View full abstractDownload PDF (1420K) -
Atsushi NAGATA, Makoto SATO, Ryo NAKAMURA1990 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 251-253
Published: April 30, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (2282K) -
Moriyo HINOIDE, Kazuhiko INOUE, Tosiki NISIZAWA1990 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 254-255
Published: April 30, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1986K) -
1990 Volume 40 Issue 2 Pages 267
Published: 1990
Released on J-STAGE: October 27, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (138K)
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