This study represents a scenario in which recent development of landscape design based on the modernism and modernist’s works is depicted. Spatial pattern found in modernist’s works enhanced the designer’s understanding of landscape pattern underlies in land and environment in larger scale. In serach of the ground for pattern making landscape designers further investigated the system of environment and its structure for designing matters. A morphological approach of landscape ecology is giving a theoretical foundation for those endeavors. Also, the process through which the system of environment functions becomes another potential field of design expression in landscape and several works and projects already have indicated a direction of the development.

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The spatial plan in Japan promotes city-region formation. In this context, it is required a good management of rural landscape for regional sustainability. But liberalization of agricultural markets has accelerated marginality of rural areas and abandonment of agricultural activities. This paper analyzes the new method of landscape design applied in Po Delta region, in which Cultural Landscape strategies get outcomes both ecological and socioeconomic.

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In these days, sustainable use of building stocks and the proper maintenance and management of infrastructure become one of the most important social problem, the Historic Gardens is not irrelevant to this movement of social environment. Therefore, it is indispensable some drastic idea of conservation for the Historic Gardens in Japan. This study is one of approaches to “A new sphere of Landscape Designing”, the theme of this special issue. Because the “designing” could be defined as the act to answer a social demand, the conservation of the Historic Gardens could be considered as the “designing”. From this point of view, in this study, “The Florance Charter” and “The Italian Charter of the Historic Gardens” are presented as code of the “designing”. As the result, it would be clarified the characteristic of idea for Conservation of the Historic Gardens in Italy, especially in “the definition of the Historic Gardens, and standpoint of the act to restoration.”

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Landscape in Japan are experiencing a demand to provide access from the rising population of older, disaled. This article aimed at discussing the issues and seeking directions toward a better-designed landscape that is ‘desined for everybody’·Designer education, sharing information on various barrier-free or assitive technology and holistic regulations were recommended for good-designed landscape.

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The purposes of this study are to overview the landscape design in the present urban apartment complex in Japan and to identify new approaches for environmental improvements in density built-up residential areas and recent changes in planning control. Having look at recent three major urban apartment complex in Kanto erea, this paper intend to clarify three subjects: 1) Paradoxical subject in common garden, 2) Technical subject of integration method with inner space and outdoor space. 3) Subject of media management. And for environmental improvements in housing area, an important key is how the private developers in partnership with administrative organ.

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Designing riparian landscapes often results in confusion between natural processes and human activities. Landscape designers should be more conscious of past planning site records and ecological relationships between a site and its surroundings. To achieve an indigenous design for a site, we have to understand the relationships by using a spatio-temporal scale of riparian landscapes. We should also pay attention to the design allowance determined by the records and their relationships. The design according to the allowance is also useful for community-based designs in other sites. Landscape architects are needed to enhance the public health, safety and welfare. Conservation and utilization of natural areas as well as man-made land areas are strongly needed in community-based design. Landscape architects have to understand the requirements of local residents. They should take an objective view in order to understand regional environments as well as site characteristics. Moreover, landscape architects should always present alternative designs which reflect the allowance and the results of discussions with local communities.

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