In parks and open spaces, the safety issue has been raised because of a general concern following the great Hanshin-Awaji earthquake as well rising accident and crime figures. As a result of this, existing park and open space planning theory should be reevaluated and restructured to take safety into account. Studies have shown that there are several ways of designing parks for safety, as yet however, a review and an evaluation of the various techniques used have not been performed. This study reviewed the literature and mapped out future research assignments to develop a planning theory for safety. The conclusions were as follows. 1) To quantitatively and objectively evaluate a variety of planning and management techniques, 2) To gather these into a systematic, theoretical framework, 3) To incorporate other considerations which may conflict with safety enhancement such as biodiversity and 4) To involve stakeholders as a part of the research in the balancing of these considerations.

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This study aims to clarify strategies for safety of large and complex-type play structures by making good use of feeling of adventure, based on a case example of ‘nature discovery equipment’ at Ibaraki Nature Museum. The paper suggests the following six important key issues. 1) Making design which has harmony of safety and attraction of play. 2) Carrying out safety check through test play before the official opening. 3) Evaluating the play structure by professionals of children’s environments. 4) Providing a sign nearby the structure as safety education. 5) Practicing regular safety check using a manual. 6) Organising safety committee involving the designers, constructors and maintenance staff and making appropriate revision/improvement.

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Satoyama (a Japanese term meaning as “mountain foothills” or “village woodlands” in recognition of the proximity of human-affected landscapes to rural villages) forests adjacent to cities have been gaining notice for both their greenery and their ability to act as habitat for animals and plants. However, due to little management, many flammable materials remain in these areas; they would make the chance of forest increase. In this study, the relationship between moisture contents and combustibility of litters on satoyama forest was experimented in the labo. Additionally, the fallen leaves of satoyama forests found at parks and other areas, and their cumulative quantities, were measured. Results of this study discovered that fallen satoyama forest leaves in early spring maintain more than 20% of their entire moisture content. However, a detailed look shows that their conditions differ depending on the condition of the local conservancy. In forests that are left to nature, although both the moisture content, one can still identify the hazardous nature of flame propagation due to high cumulative quantity. On the other hand, in forests where most foliage is removed, the moisture content of newly fallen leaves is low and they are easily flammable. The study found that conservvancy - leaving a proper amount of fallen leaves by mowing grass and banboo - increases the moisture content and makes the fallen leaves less flammable, which lowering the hazards of starting and spreading fire.

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A regional budget has been cut down today while the government drives political reform intensively. In this social condition, a local community is expected to act continuously for residents to manage playgrounds. To do so, we would make use of Private Financial Initiative System to reform playgrounds and parks flexibly adjusting the social demand. On the other hand, there are a number of children who injure in playgrounds increasingly. Japanese government established a guideline to prevent accidents in playgrounds in this spring. This enactment must be just a beginning to reconsider how we think about safety in playgrounds as well as responsibility as guardians. This study shows the way of what a playground should be in the near future. For the children, play value is one of the most important opportunities to create their way of life. Playgrounds in which are composed only with playground equipments, might avoid children to create.

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房総半島に自生するミツバツツジ節2種の生育立地を明らかにした。その結果, 両種は侵食されやすい新第三紀を中心とする砂岩, 泥岩層に分布していた。キヨスミミツバツツジの自生地は常緑樹林に特徴的に確認された。両種の生育立地は土壌pHとECが低く土層厚が薄かった。ミツバツツジの自生地は, 急傾斜であり, その土層はより薄く, 高木層と亜高木層の植被率は低かった。一方キヨスミミツバツツジの自生地は, 傾斜はより緩やかで土層も比較的厚く, 高木層と亜高木層の植被率は高かった。ミツバツツジは稚樹が少なく, 今後自生個体は減少することが予想される。薪炭林管理の放棄によってミツバツツジの自生地が減少している可能性がある。

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近代の空間成果として注目すべき形態の多重解釈性(曖昧性)という観点から検証すべく、ガレット·エクボ(1910-2000)の初期4事例の図面を調査し分析考察を行った。その結果、樹木列植による囲みを単位空間として、列植の隙間·延長の交差·ずれという空間構造や高木列植の視線透過性による曖昧性が明らかになった。また、その空間構造によって視点移動にともなう空間変化が顕在化することが明らかになった。これらの結果は、近代の空間成果としての曖昧性が、エクボの初期作品に共有されたことを示し、成果がいかに空間化されたかを示す。

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