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Volume 30 (1990 - 199･･･
- Issue 3 Pages 181-
- Issue 2 Pages 91-
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Volume 30, Issue 2
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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YUTAKA MATSUI1990 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 91-100
Published: November 20, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA computer assisted experiment was conducted to analyze the information search process in decision making at helping behavior. Sixty-five female students were shown eight helping situations and information lists on personal computer display. They were asked to retrieve informations on display by pressing a key in order to make decision as to whether to help or not.
An analysis of the retrieval order of informations suggested that these situations were classified into three groups··daily life help, emergency help, and charity-donation··, in which similar cognitive and affective process exists.View full abstractDownload PDF (1711K) -
SHIGEO SAKURAI1990 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 101-108
Published: November 20, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSParents' and children's empathy and prosocial behavior SHIGEO SAKURAI (Nara University of Education) The purpose of this study was to investigate the relations among parents' and the children' s empathy and prosocial behavior. Two hundred and twenty-five fifth-graders were asked to assess their and their parents' empathy and prosocial behavior using a new questionnaire. The fathers' empathy scores were highly related to their prosocial behavior scores. This relation applied to mothers' and the children's scores. The scores of parents' empathy and prosocial behavior also moderately related to those of the children's empathy and prosocial behavior. Raters' sex differences were found in relations of 1) mothers' empathy and prosocial behavior, 2) children's empathy and prosocial behavior, 3) mothers' empathy and the children's empathy, and 4) mothers' empathy and the children's prosocial behavior. These relations were higher in boys' rating than in girls' rating. The results suggest that the cognition of relations among parents' and the children's empathy and prosocial behavior may be more complicated in girls than in boys.View full abstractDownload PDF (1396K) -
JUNJI HARADA1990 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 109-121
Published: November 20, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study was designed to examine the relationship between helping-motives and helping and between personality and helping. One hundred and seventy five university students responded to questionnaire on their experiences in 7 helping situations, on judgement of 18 helping-motives as a cause of helping, and on their personality. The pattern of relationship varied with the type of helping. From these results, characteristics of each type of helping was discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1986K) -
MASAYUKI NISHIKAWA, OSAMU TAKAGI1990 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 123-132
Published: November 20, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of controllability, social proximity, and recipient self-esteem on recipients' reactions to help. Five hundred students were asked to place themselves in the role of a hypothetical help recipient and to answer a series of quesions regarding their reactions to help.
As predicted, results indicated that to a significant degree recipients in high controllability condition attributed causes of receiving help more to themselves, and engaged in more self-help, than recipients in low controllability condition. It was also found that recipients who were helped by intimate friends felt more negative affects than those who were helped by acquaintances. These results were consisthent with our predictions.
Contrary to expectations, effects of social proximity on the recipients' positive affects and self-help efforts were not found. Furthermore, effects of recipient self-esteem on their negative affects and self-help efforts were not observed in this study. Overall, hypotheses based on the threat to self-esteem model received partial support. The conceptual implications of the findings were discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (2163K) -
KAZUHISA TAKEMURA, OSAMU TAKAGI1990 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 133-146
Published: November 20, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe main purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of interpersonal affect on causal attribution for helping and non-helping behaviors. Each subject, 168 university students in all, was randomly assigned to one cell of a 3 (positive, neutral, and negative interpersonal affect) ×2 (emergent and non-emergent situations) ×2 (sex of a potential recipient) ×2 (sex of a potential helper) design. The subject were asked to rate the likelihood of 25 different helping motives as a cause of helping behavior and the likelihood of 26 different non-helpingmotives as a cause of non-helping behavior.
Major findings obtained were as follows:
(1) Subjects in the positive and neutral interpersonal affect conditions attributed their helping behavior to internal, stable and general causes. They also attributed their non-helping behavior to external, unstable, uncontrollable, and specific causes.
(2) Subjects in the negative interpersonal affect conditions attributed their helping behavior to external, unstable, and specific causes. They also attributed their non-helping behavior to internal, stable, controllable, and general causes.
(3) The influences of the interpersonal affect on causal attribution was generally stronger than the other factors. Interaction effects between the interpersonal affect and the other factors were observed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1912K) -
MANABU MATSUZAKI, KOJI TANAKA, KAZUNORI KOJO1990 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 147-153
Published: November 20, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study examined the effects of experimentally provided social support on stress reactions and task performance in alone and co-acting problem solving situations. The reconstructed social support questionnaire and trait anxiety scale were administered to 264 female junior college students. Fifty-four of them, with low assessed social support scores and high trait anxiety scores, were selected as subjects. A2 (support: provided vs. not-provided) ×2 (task situation: alone vs. co-acting) factorial design was used. Dependent variables were physical state anxiety (pulse rate), cognitive state anxiety and cognitive interference as stress reactions, and correct word puzzle solutions.
Though neither main effects of the two factors nor their interaction were significant for any dependent variables, re-analysis of perceived social support based on subjects' impression ratings to the experimenter who offered support suggested that perceived support might reduce cognitive state anxiety and facilitate task performance, while provided support might increase cognitive interference. These findings and suggestions were discussed from the viewpoint of support exchanges between provider and recipient.View full abstractDownload PDF (1140K) -
TOMOHIDE ATSUMI, TOSHIO SUGIMAN1990 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 155-163
Published: November 20, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS20 four-person groups engaged in one-day “part-time job” in which each person worked for one and half hours with each of the other three persons. The amount of influence by a colleague was represented by changes in preferred solutions after a subject worked with the colleague. The persistence of involvement in the task for two weeks was measured by the degree to which the subject carried out what was, informally, asked by the supervisor (experimenter) concerning the content of work. Results showed that the amount of “active” influence which a subject had on the others, as well as the amount of “passive” influence a subject received from the others, positively affected the persistence of self-involvement. A variable composed by summing the amount of active and passive influence was found to determine involvement more strongly than did either active or passive influence separately. Implications of the results for a new concept of group were discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1492K) -
KEN'ICHIRO TANAKA1990 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 165-173
Published: November 20, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of the present study was to explore the effects of attributes on the evaluations of equality allocation and equity allocation. In Experiment I, examining equality allocation, subjects (59 under graduate students) were randomly assigned to one of two conditions: a high level of attributes, or a low level of attributes. Subjects in a high level of attributes perceived the amount which is more than equality allocation as fair, and subjects in a low level of attributes perceived the amount which is less than equality allocation as fair. In Experiment II, to examine equity allocation, two factors were manipulated: one was the levels of contributes (high or low), and the other was levels of attributes (high or low). The effects on the levels of attributes were not significant. Nevertheless, it was found that each subject's evaluations of equity allocation were liable to change according to whether he/she emphasized levels of attributes or contributes.View full abstractDownload PDF (1533K) -
1990 Volume 30 Issue 2 Pages 179
Published: 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (59K)
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