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Volume 42 (2002 - 200･･･
- Issue 2 Pages 101-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 42, Issue 2
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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TOSHIKAZU KAWAHARA, TOSHIO SUGIMAN2003 Volume 42 Issue 2 Pages 101-119
Published: March 30, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 04, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study used a questionnaire survey to investigate an attempt to create a participatory democracy in a rural community characterized by its conservationism, exclusivity, and the strong influence of a few powerful residents. Among a total of the 89 smallest uaits in the community, all residents living within the 14 units in which the movement to achieve a new participatory democracy system took place responded to the questionnaire. Results showed that the 14 units were classified in terms of their attitude toward the movement, that is, active, neutral, or critical. Importantly, the newly introduced system was occupying equivalent status to the traditional authoritarian system in the units that were characterized by their active attitudes while the new system tended to be placed just as a subordinate part of the traditional system in the units that were characterized by their neutral or critical attitudes.View full abstractDownload PDF (2651K) -
AYANO YOSHIDA, MITSUHIRO URA2003 Volume 42 Issue 2 Pages 120-130
Published: March 30, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 04, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSocial Adaptation is promoted by self-derogative presentation. Those who derogate themselves in front of other people promotes adaptation directly; while others who receive responses to derogation such as “I do not think so” from other people promote adaptation indirectly. These processes may be moderated by the degree of internalization of self-derogative presentational norms. Denial responses to presentation mean that other people regard the presentation as “self-derogation. ”In derogative communication, people high in norm internalization (NH-Ss) take denial response as a matter of course, whereas people low in norm internalization (NL-Ss) do not. For this reason, denial responses to derogation are more important for NL-Ss than NH-Ss. In a longitudinal study, we hypothesized that NH-Ss would promote their adaptation through a direct process, but NL-Ss would promote their adaptation through an indirect process. The hypotheses were almost supported. The relationship of direct and indirect promotion processes and interpersonal and personal adaptation must be examined.View full abstractDownload PDF (1626K) -
HIROFUMI AIZAWA2003 Volume 42 Issue 2 Pages 131-145
Published: March 30, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 04, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this article I have tried to improve the investment model. The investment model suggests that human relationships are maintained by the outcome of friendships, by the outcome with people other than one's friends, and by the investment in one's friends. In an analysis of same-sex friendships among college students (N=414), the concept of equity theory was added to the investment model. When considering such feelings as anger and guilt, which are not included in the investment model, it turned out that satisfaction with relationships greatly influences commitment. In other words, whether relationships last or not depends on satisfaction. Therefore, the concept of the investment model is enough to explain commitment. The investment model was looked at using a covariance structure analysis. This was accomplished by manipulating the variables in the model: replacing the interpersonal outcome with one's own outcome or the outcome of the other person. An analysis was also made by looking at various degrees of closeness. The results show that the lower the degree of closeness, the more one thinks of the outcome of other people. As relationships deepened, a sense of guilt and all the social exchange variables except anger increased. The effect of investment (the giving of time or gifts) was minimal and in the case of women, tended to decrease commitment or result in a break of relationships. When investment was removed from the investment model, the model tended to fit better.View full abstractDownload PDF (2075K) -
A Discourse Analysis of a Seminar for AdoptionAKIKO RAKUGI2003 Volume 42 Issue 2 Pages 146-165
Published: March 30, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 04, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study investigated a discursive strategy used by an organization that was established to promote the adoption of infants reared in residential nurseries. A seminar was developed to facilitate the adoption of infants less than 2 years old. In the seminar, couples unblessed with children but wanted to adopt infants were given information about the developmental processes of adopted children, especially troubles adoptive parents face after adoption. The seminar tried to decided couples to become adopted parents by telling these problems may shake couples' life by the root. Such processes made couples to clear their norms that they had depended on unconsciously, to deny their images of parent-child relationships. It is suggested that final decisions to become adopted parents have constructed something like the axiom for couple's future life after adoption. In other words, a discursive strategy functioned as an attempt to construct a transcendentality substitute for blood relationships.View full abstractDownload PDF (3381K) -
ISAMU SUZUKI, MASHIHO SUGA, TOMOHIDE ATSUMI2003 Volume 42 Issue 2 Pages 166-186
Published: March 30, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 04, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study presents a historical review of disaster volunteers in Japan as well as an examination of the implications and problems of their networking since the Great Hanshin earthquake 1995. First, we classify the history of disaster relief by the private sector in Japan into three periods: before, immediately after, and several years after the Kobe earthquake. After the earthquake, “volunteers for disaster prevention” were called “volunteers active in disaster”and many local and national networks of NPOs for disaster relief were established. Second, we investigate the current situation of disaster NPO networks. We find that these organizations have maintained usual activities in local areas and joined national networks for effective relief. Finally, we examine the networks' problems and prospects for future disaster relief.View full abstractDownload PDF (3487K) -
A Questionnaire-Based Research in Sapporo on the Chitose Drainage Canal PlanKAZUYA NAKAYACHI, SUSUMU OHNUMA2003 Volume 42 Issue 2 Pages 187-200
Published: March 30, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 04, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper examines how citizens prefer to achieve consensus in the context of an environmental risk policy. A questionnaire-based study was conducted on the dispute over the Chitose drainage canal plan. Respondents consisted of three hundred and twenty-four adult residents randomly sampled in Sapporo City which is close to the preset area of the plan. The results of the research suggested that (1) an institution that can consistently monitor the actions of the government will improve the trust in environmental assessments and (2) citizens prefer an adversarial procedure over one that is inquisitional when making the final decision and they highly rate the acceptance of suggestions by stakeholders throughout the decision process. The implications of the results for the practice of risk management as well as theoretical study are discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (2147K) -
AONO ATSUKO2003 Volume 42 Issue 2 Pages 201-218
Published: March 30, 2003
Released on J-STAGE: June 04, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper presents a general survey of studies on interpersonal distance or personal space by discussing the major findings and controversial points concerning gender differences. According tothe oppression hypothesis, the interpersonal distance of women is smaller than that of men because women are more submissive or of a“lower status. ”However, some researchers have argued against this hypothesis because of inconsistencies found within gender differences. This paper's findings show: 1) there is not sufficient evidence which shows that interpersonal distances of “lower status”people is smaller and it is not clear whether an individual's absolute status or relative status is affective; 2) there is not sufficient evidence which shows that women have a smaller distance; rather, gender differences depend on the sex combination of subject and the other; 3) gender differences are situational and therefore dependent upon whether one subject approaches the other or is approached by the other. More controlled studies are needed to clarify if gender differences are explained by status or not, and whose gender influences interpersonal distance.View full abstractDownload PDF (2665K)
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