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Volume 48 (2008 - 200･･･
- Issue 2 Pages 99-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 48, Issue 1
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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Original Articles
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Takuya Okamoto, Takehiro Fujihara, Hiroshi Nonami, Junzo Kato2008 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 1-16
Published: 2008
Released on J-STAGE: November 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study proposed a method (i.e. the Shared Group Image Method) for measuring, describing, and analyzing intergroup relations at the macro level. Many studies on intergroup relations have been conducted using micro-level analysis. This method was designed to measure cognitive maps of intergroup relations by using shared images of groups. First, correspondence analysis was conducted on group images to describe intergroup relations and cluster analysis to determine the borderlines of the groups. Second, contour map model (Kosugi & Fujihara, 2004) was applied to analyze relations between macro-level and micro-level data. Finally, we discussed further applicability and advantages of this method compared to the other indices of intergroup relations.
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Yoshifumi Hayashi, Takehiro Fujihara2008 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 17-31
Published: 2008
Released on J-STAGE: November 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study was to delineate the structure of sightseeing motives of Japanese overseas tourists, and to investigate them as a function of destination, travel style and age. One thousand and fourteen Japanese tourists (371 males, and 643 females) were asked to complete a questionnaire in order to measure their motives for sightseeing. The main results were as follows: (1) Seven motives for sightseeing were extracted, including "stimulation," "cross-cultural experience," "interaction with people of visiting countries," "health restoration," "experiencing nature," "unexpectedness," and "personal growth;" (2) Motives for sightseeing evolved from novelty-seeking to authenticity-seeking as age increases; (3) Those visiting Asian or African countries were motivated by the opportunity of gaining new and different experience and understanding the cultures while those visiting European or North American countries were motivated by the opportunity to enjoy natural attractions; (4) Those engaging in independent tours were motivated by the opportunity of experiencing the excitement of uncertainty, and interactions with the local people, whereas those on package tours were motivated by the enjoyment of foreign culture and natural attractions. From these results, the psychological functions of tourist behaviors were discussed.
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Short Articles
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Masayuki Kurokawa, Kouji Mishima, Toshikazu Yoshida2008 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 32-39
Published: 2008
Released on J-STAGE: November 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe main purpose of this study was to develop a scale of tolerance toward the opposite-sex in fifth- and sixth- graders. A participant-friendly six-item scale was developed as it was originally designed for school children. The scale was found to be valid, showing higher scoring children actually had more friendships with classmates of the opposite-sex besides same-sex peers. There were no sex differences in the scale scores. It was concluded that school morale of children who had friendships with classmates of the opposite-sex along with same-sex peers was statistically higher than that of children who had more than one same-sex friend and no opposite-sex peers. The results, implicated the possibility of effects of opposite-sex relationships on school morale.
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Kosuke Takemura, Hiromi Arimoto2008 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 40-49
Published: 2008
Released on J-STAGE: November 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLike North America, Hokkaido, Japan's northern island, also has a history of voluntary settlement. The aim of this study was to test the robustness of the finding by Kitayama, Ishii, Imada, Takemura, and Ramaswamy (2006) that Japanese socialized in Hokkaido exhibit a personal dissonance effect similar to that of North Americans and unlike Japanese in other areas: Hokkaido people exhibited a dissonance effect when social cues were absent but not when social cues were present. We conducted an experiment with the standard free-choice dissonance paradigm in Hokkaido and manipulated the presence of social cues using a different method from that employed by Kitayama et al. (2006). Consistent with their experiment, people in Hokkaido justified their choices reliably—by increasing their preference for chosen items and decreasing their preference for rejected items—when social cues were absent, but not when social cues were present. This result supports Kitayama et al.'s (2006) hypothesis that a history of voluntary settlement in a frontier environment promotes tacit beliefs and practices of independence, important elements of individualism.
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SPECIAL ISSUE: Group dynamics on security management in organizations
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Hiroyuki Yamaguchi2008 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 50-51
Published: 2008
Released on J-STAGE: November 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (128K)
Original Articles
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Eri Shigemasu, Fumio Murakami2008 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 52-62
Published: 2008
Released on J-STAGE: November 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA questionnaire survey was conducted targeting employees of a chemical plant in order to examine the facilitation of safe work practices, focusing on "negative feedback on jobs" (hereinafter, Job-NF), which is defined as verbal communication delivering negative evaluations on work behaviors and attitudes. For the first research question, the effects of several types of Job-NF and other communication, such as conversations about safety in the promotion of safe behaviors, were compared. Analyses revealed that the effect of Safety-related job-NF was strongest, followed by type of advice and pointing out General job-NF, while type of complaint had no effect. To resolve the controversy over whether Job-NF has negative effects when it involves a threat to recipients whilst promoting safe behaviors, conditions where Job-NF functions were examined, focusing on the degree of face-threat caused by Job-NF. Organizational climate had a stronger effect on degree of face-threat than closeness as a relational factor and included dissatisfaction as a message factor. Contributions of focusing on NF in safety management and the importance of organizational climate were discussed.
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Kazuho Yamaura, Hisataka Furukawa2008 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 63-73
Published: 2008
Released on J-STAGE: November 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study was to determine ways to alleviate understanding and practice of quality medical care, and reducing the gap between knowledge and practice. This study focused on autonomous-orientation as an individual factor, safety-expectation, and efficiency-expectation of senior and equal status nursing colleagues as two group factors. Nurses at three different hospitals participated in a questionnaire survey. Factor analysis revealed that the safety behavior criteria scale consisted of four subscales (planning, keeping the rules, making good use of information, innovation for safety activity), and the overall level of knowledge was greater than actual practice. Also, nurse's autonomy, and team safety-expectation were generally recognized as important, and one unexpected finding was that team efficiency-expectation was also facilitative of quality medical service. A discussion for the necessity of incorporating both safety with efficiency within the organizational system and leadership was offered.
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Naomi Tabaru, Ryo Misawa, Hiroyuki Yamaguchi2008 Volume 48 Issue 1 Pages 74-86
Published: 2008
Released on J-STAGE: November 14, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study examined the effects of inducing ward-clerks on safety and efficiency in nursing, with a focus on two aspects of nurses' behavioral and psychological variables. Two ward-clerks had tentatively been hired at ward "A" of "K" university hospital for approximately eight months. After the hiring, follow-up surveys had been administered to assess changes in work interruptions, stressors, team work, and other problems associated with nursing. The positive changes after their introduction consisted of reduction in work interruptions and other problems associated with nursing, while the negative changes included increased reports of delay in attending to the patients' needs, along with deteriorating perceptions of the team process. The results of this study suggest that it is indispensable for ward-clerks and nurses to spend some time in cooperation with each other, before reduced workload among nurses, and increased safety practices can be induced.
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