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Volume 38 (1998)
- Issue 2 Pages 125-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 38, Issue 1
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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HIROKI NISHIMOTO1998 Volume 38 Issue 1 Pages 1-16
Published: June 30, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: June 04, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe main purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between informal status and home environment in Japanese classrooms.
According to Hargreaves (1972), the resource is the basis of both liking (sociometric status) and power (social power status). When a classroom member possesses a resource he is able to acquire informal status (sociometric and social power status). In this way, resources have influence on informal status. A large number of studies have been made on informal status (for example, Tasaki 1976).
There is one other thing that is important for informal status. This is influenced by home environment, too. But little attention has been given to the point. In order to examine this point, eight classrooms were surveyed. In this research, the following results were obtained:
(1) There are resources in classroom, and they have direct effect on liking and power.
(2) Home environment has direct effect on resources.
(3) Home environment has direct and indirect effect on informal status.View full abstractDownload PDF (1605K) -
The Effects of Prior ExperienceKIMIO ITO, HIROSHI AMANO, SHINICHIRO OKAMOTO1998 Volume 38 Issue 1 Pages 17-27
Published: June 30, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: June 04, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe examined the effects of prior experience and grouping on escaping behaviour. A maze was constructed in a laboratory simulating an escaping route during emergencies. Subjects were instructed to escape from an experimenter who ran after them holding an electric-shock apparatus. In Experiment 1, preceding the main session, half of the subjects had been allowed to explore the route beforehand (prior-experience conditions), while the other half had not (no prior-experience conditions). In the main session, the subjects escaped in four-person groups, or escaped individually. It was demonstrated that the subjects' prior experience decreased their escaping time. In addition, the subjects in the no-prior-experience-individual condition felt that the time required to escape was longer than it was in the other conditions. In Experiment 2, subjects first explored one of the two escaping routes connected to Exit A or Exit B. The main escape session was conducted in four-person groups, each of which was comprised of two members who had previously experienced Exit A and two others who had experienced Exit B. The results was that subjects often followed others who experienced the different exit. The implications for actual emergencies were discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1581K) -
KOTARO HARADA1998 Volume 38 Issue 1 Pages 28-38
Published: June 30, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: June 04, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe main purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the methods of decision on reward allocation (group vs. individual decision) and the inputs on the perceived fairness of reward allocation by the allocator, and also the effects of the expectation of maintaining the allocator-recipients relationship on the perceived fairness were examined. Hypothesis 1 was that the perceived fairness would be higher in the group decision condition than in the individual decision condition. Hypothesis 2 was that the perceived fairness would be higher when the difference of recipients' performances arose from the differing efforts than when it did the differing abilities. Hypothesis 3 was that the reduction of perceived fairness when the difference of recipients' performances arose the differing abilities be smaller in the group decision than in the individual decision. Hypothesis 4 was that the perceived fairness would be higher when the future relationship was expected than when it was not. Hypothesis 5 was made regarding the interaction of the method of decision and the expectation for the future relationships. The results supported hypotheses 1 and 2. The results indicated that that the methods of decision influenced the perceived fairness, and also that the allocator perceived allocations based on the differing effort and performance as fairer than those based on the differing ability.View full abstractDownload PDF (1527K) -
JUNKICHI SUGIURA1998 Volume 38 Issue 1 Pages 39-47
Published: June 30, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: June 04, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study compared persuasive effects of pro-environmental or economical messages through the source of environmental NPO, telephone company, or a personal friend as interpersonal network. Specifically, which aspects of social or individual benefits of subscription of“ecology dial”as environment conscious behavior should be emphasized in recommending to consumers? In Experiment, two different written messages (environment-oriented or economy-oriented) by Japan Ecology Center (environmental NPO), DDI (telephone company), or a personal friend were given to subjects who played the role of consumer. The results indicated that pro-environmental message had more persuasive effects than economy-oriented one, and that Japan Ecology Center had more impact than friend.View full abstractDownload PDF (1384K) -
KUMIKO MORI1998 Volume 38 Issue 1 Pages 48-62
Published: June 30, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: June 04, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis research examined the relationship between individual differences in social value orientations (cooperation, equality, individualism, and competition) and selective information preferences. One hundred and fifty-nine female college students participated in an one-shot prisoner's dilemma game, and the payoff matrices they reproduced were assessed. The results clearly showed that individuals with different social value orientations selectively processed different kinds of information contained in the payoff matrix. The observed linkage between information preferences and social value orientations implied the existence of decision making processes unique to each orientation. Further more, it was also suggested that social value orientations or individual cooperative tendencies would be closely related to their information processing complexity.View full abstractDownload PDF (1952K) -
ATSUKO KANAI, MITSURU WAKABAYAKH1998 Volume 38 Issue 1 Pages 63-79
Published: June 30, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: June 04, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study is to develop an instrument on the mental-health climate in the corporation. Based on this instrument, this study also explores the determining factors and the effects of mental-health climate in the corporation. An anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted on sample of 595 full-time male and female workers in the Nagoya area.
The results of the factor analysis produced three orthogonal factors: evaluation of the mental-health climate, concern about mental-health problem, understanding of mental-health. The multiple regression analysis revealed that evaluation of the mentalhealth climate in the corporation was determined by the personnel management practices involving mentalhealth well being of employees. On the other hand, the mentalhealth climate was found affecting job satisfaction as well as distress. Moreover, concern about mentalhealth problem and understanding of mental-health were positively affecting risk taking behavior which represents creative problem solving activities in the organization.View full abstractDownload PDF (2227K) -
MIYUKI YUKURA1998 Volume 38 Issue 1 Pages 80-92
Published: June 30, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: June 04, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study examines the relationship between subordinates' ingratiatory behaviors toward superiors in organizations and various variables such as their goals and their superiors' leadership styles. This main purpose of this study is to examine these relationship in every subscale of ingratiatory behavior. This survey has been made by distributing questionnaires to five companies in Kagoshima prefecture, and 222 respondents completed them.
The results are as follows: 1) As was expected, not only personal/private goals but also organizational/public goals are related to ingratiatory behaviors. The examination of these relationships in every subscale shows that organizational/public goals are positively related to sub-strategies, that is, other-enhancement and doing favor. 2) The examination of the relationship between ingratiatory behaviors and each of leadership functions show that an acknowledgement their superiors are leaders oriented toward their group-maintenance is in positive relation to other-enhancement and doing favor. And to analyze the results utilizing Misumi (1978) s' four leadership styles make it clear that subordinates employ other-enhancement more often, which is an active ingratiation strategy, toward superiors with PM and pM leadership style, while toward superior with Pm leadership style, they make use of opinion conformity more often, which is a negative ingratiation strategy. 3) When I examine the relationship between organizational climates and ingratiatory behaviors, the more cohesive the subordinates acknowledge their organizations are, the more other-enhancement, and the less opinion conformity, are employed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1780K) -
TOSHIHIRO MATSUBARA, TOSHIKAZU YOSHIDA, TATSUO FUJITA, YOSHIMASA KURIB ...1998 Volume 38 Issue 1 Pages 93-104
Published: June 30, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: June 04, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study was to examine the causality process of school organizational behaviors. Based on previous studies, a causality model was constructed: leadership social climate and teacher morale, teaching style child characteristics. A set of measures was developed to evaluate leadership, social climate, teacher morale, teaching style, child characteristics, and parents' attitude toward school. A mail questionnaire survey was conducted to examine a causal model of organizational behaviors as perceived by elementary school teachers. 367 teachers provided valid data for the present study.
Results were as follows:
1. Factor analysis resulted in the same structures as extracted previous studies for each scale.
2. Leadership of administrators was significantly related to social climate, and teacher morale. School climate and teacher morale were also significantly related to teaching style and child characteristics.
3. Path analysis indicated that there was a casual relationship between leadership and other school organizational behaviors.
These findings were discussed with regard to school organizational effects.View full abstractDownload PDF (1448K) -
SHIGERU NAKAMARU1998 Volume 38 Issue 1 Pages 105-117
Published: June 30, 1998
Released on J-STAGE: June 04, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the investigation of attitude, the purpose of this paper provides the analysis of contingency.
In the social psychology, the attitude is a covert explanatory variable, is measured by the questionnaire technique or the method of rating scale. In the behavior analysis, the attitude was investigated by the view of contingency. The descriptive behaviorist deals with attitude as verbal behaviors; Tact, Mand, Intraverbal, Echoic, Autoclitic. Attitudes can treat as target behaviors in the contingency shaped behavior, and correct rule or wrong rule in the rule governed behavior. And verbal behavior as attitude elicited emotion, positive emotion or negative emotion.
Because there are same verbal data that established asTact, Mand, Intraverbal, Echoic, Autoclitic, in the view of contingency, same problems about attitude data come simply to analytic solutionView full abstractDownload PDF (1804K)
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