All issues
Volume 27 (1987 - 198･･･
- Issue 2 Pages 113-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 27, Issue 2
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
HIROYUKI YAMAGUCHI1988 Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages 113-120
Published: February 20, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study intended to provide a clearer explanation to the effects of success and failure experience on helping behavior.
The subjects were 50 undergraduate students, of whom 40 were male and 10 female. They were divided into two groups of 25 each and assigned to either a success condition or a failure condition on a random basis. Which was manipulated by time allowance for a task (figure puzzle) and evaluation from the experimenter. After this manipulation, the confederate came into the laboratory, pretended to have dropped a contact lense, and began to search for it. Helping behav ior was checked by subject's searching for the lense with the confederate. External attention was measured in terms of the number of eye movements and memory about the situation.
Failure experience reduced external attention, especially to the confederate's behavior, and made it difficult for the subjects to notice the need for help. It was argued that the differences in the direction of attention have an intervening role between success and failure experiences and helping behavior.View full abstractDownload PDF (1422K) -
AN EXAMINATION ON THE GENEROUS INTERPERSONAL ATTITUDE OF EVALUATORMASAHIKO NAKAMURA1988 Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages 121-130
Published: February 20, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThere are individual differences that affect the relationships between attitudinal similarity and interpersonal attraction. One of them is Generous Interpersonal Attitude (GIA), which was a personality variable proposed by this study. The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of evaluator' s GIA on the attractiveness of dissimilar other.
Two experiments based on Byrne' s“Attraction Paradigmgb”were conducted. Major results obtained were as follows: (1) In“Emotional attraction”dimension, dissimilar stimulus persons were less liked than similar ones, regardless of evaluator's GIA; (2) In“Interaction orientation” dimension, high-GIA' s showed greater willingness to accept dissimilar stimulus persons than low-GIA' s; (3) high-GIA' s had relatively higher levels of self-esteem than low-GIA' s.
It was suggested that holding GIA makes it possible to tolerate the“emotionally disliking” dissimilar others.View full abstractDownload PDF (1770K) -
YURIKO SAITO1988 Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages 131-138
Published: February 20, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThree situational variables, DGM (member's dependence on the group for obtaining material goods), DGB (member's dependence on the group for obtaining behavioral goods such as esteem, love etc.) and IGA (instrumentality the group activities have for getting material goods) were hypothesized to affect which justice principle (equity, equality, or needs) should be adopted when the profit from the group activities is to be distributed among group members. It was further hypothesized that DGM, DGB and IGA will enhance respectively the probabilities with which equity, equality and needs principles are adopted.
Three hundred sixty four undergraduates responded to a questionnaire which contained twelve hypothetical allocation problems with varied degrees of the three situational variables and some supplementary question items such as his or her general view of distributive justice (GV), the Just World Scale (JWS) etc.
The result shows; (1) increased IGA enhances adoption of equity principle; (2) adoption of needs principle is also affected by IGA, but negatively; (3) increased DGB heightens the above mentioned effects of IGA, i. e. positive influence for equity and negative for needs. Neither variables affected significantly apoption of equality principle. The results in relation to JWS and GV are also discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1256K) -
TOSHIAKI DOI1988 Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages 139-148
Published: February 20, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn experiment was performed in order to test the characteristic space theory proposed by Doi and Imai (1986). It was confirmed that subjects' choice behavior supports the prediction of the theory, and the choice behavior in 2×2 games can be clearly explained based on the basic assumption of social motive. Then, the distribution of subjects' social motive θ was obtained from choice behavior of subject, by the measurement method derived from the theory. It was also found that subjects' θ was stable during the experiment, so we can regard θ as expressing an attribute of subject. Further, it was discussed that the characteristic space theory can give a clear and useful explanation of the experimental result, which cannot be achieved by ordinary research methods used in experimental games. From these results and discussions, the validity of the characteristic space theory and that of the measurement method were confirmed, and they are expected to contribute to the study of the choice process in an interdependent situation.View full abstractDownload PDF (1590K) -
HIROMI FUKADA1988 Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages 149-156
Published: February 20, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study was designed to investigate the effect of high and low fear-arousing communications (HFC and LFC) on resistance to subsequent counterpropaganda.
After exposure to either HFC, LFC or receiving no communication, subjects were asked to respond to the first questionnaire. One week later, half of the members of the 3 groups were exposed to counterpropaganda, while the other half were not. All subjects completed the second questionnaire.
Results indicated the following. HFC produced greater attitude change toward the adovocated position both immediately and one week after FC presentation, and greater resistance to subsequent counterpropaganda one week after FC presentation than LFC did. HFC also increased fear, perceived danger, counterargumentation to counterpropaganda, and derogation of source credibility of counterpropaganda. It was suggested that these emotional and cognitive responsesmay have some mediating role in the persuasive effect of FC.View full abstractDownload PDF (1497K) -
SACHIKO KUSUMI1988 Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages 157-162
Published: February 20, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe sociometric choice data were obtained from 112 fifth and sixth graders in four classrooms to investigate two related problems. First, the sociometric structures in each classroom were analyzed on the bases of the Condensation Method presented by Kano (1985) and validated by Kusumi (1986).
Four types of subgroups, namely, the chosen component (CN), the choosing component (C), the mediate component (M), and the independent component (I), were identified in all classrooms. Next, the friendship characteristics within the four subgroups were analyzed. The friendship characteristics were described in terms of the stability of children's friendship on the ideal and actual dimensions, and of the degree of agreement between the two dimensions. The results revealed that (1) the stability of friendship choice was the highest for the CN groups, and were the lowest for the C groups on both ideal and actual dimensions, and (2) the highest agreement between ideal and actual friends, and the lowest agreement were observed in the CN and I groups, and in the C groups, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (796K) -
KUMIKO YOSHITAKE1988 Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages 163-169
Published: February 20, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis experiment was conducted to assess the recall scores of own and others' responses between conformers and non-conformers or between specialists and non-specialists. Fifty-six female college students (27 were music majors and 29 were not) were given a classical music task for 9 trials in which 6 trials were critical. After the task they were asked to write all of ownand others' responses during the task. Nonconformers recalled own and others' responses much more than conformers. And specialists recalled them much more than non-specialists. These results were discussed from the view point of tension reduction theory.View full abstractDownload PDF (1032K) -
[in Japanese], [in Japanese]1988 Volume 27 Issue 2 Pages 171-180
Published: February 20, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1706K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|