The purpose of this study is, first, to examine the pattern of inner states in the decision making process and second, to examine the relationship between the inner states and information search strategies in the decision making process. A method of monitoring information acquisition was used to directly trace the information search strategies. Subjects simulated the search process in which they selected a behavior from available behavioral alternatives which were expected to occur in a situation where donating behavior was needed. After the decision they rated their inner states on five point scales. Major findings obtained are as follows:
(1) The data from the domain of the inner states were subjected to factor analysis, and three rotated factors interpreted as conflict, risk and confidence were extracted.
(2) The data from the domains of the information search strategies and the inner states were interrelated using canonical correlation analysis and two rotated canonical variates interpreted as simplifying and optimizing in the decision making process were extracted. The simplifying variate indicated that strategies designed to eliminate some of the available behavioral alternatives on the basis of only a few attributes were related to reduction of conflict. The optimizing vaiate indicated that strategies focused on only a few behavioral alternatives and on search process for each alternative were related to confidence in decision making. In addition, the analysis revealed that the pattern of relationships between the information search strategies and the inner states changed according to the stages of decision making process.

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The effect of audience on golf players performance was examined in a field study. Players, 30 male college students, were divided into three groups according to their handicap levels: high- (handicap: under 10), medium- (11-20), and low- (above 21) skilled groups. They engaged in two approach-shot tasks, 50-meters and 70-meters long, umder both no-audience and audience conditions. The sphere, or the probability, of success of the 50-meters task was larger than the 70-meters'. Results indicated that (1) the presence of audience led to a decrement of performance across all conditions, although there was no clear difference between audience and no-audience conditions in high-skilled group, (2) the higher the skill level was, the higher the performance was, and (3) Players succeeded more in the 50-meters task. The approach-shot was regarded as a complex motor behavior. It was suggested that in the complex task a rise of the skill stabilized the quality of performance regardless of the presence of others.

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This study examined the interaction effects of three factors on subordinate satisfaction. The factors were identified in data collected, using PM surveys conducted from 1975 to 1979. These theree factors represent three leadership behavior functions as follows: Maintenance of work group interaction (M), Planning for attaining group goals (Planning-P), Pressure toward high performance (Pressure-P).
A total of 35, 964 employees from 51 companies evaluated their supervisor's Planning-P, Pressure-P and M behaviors and described their satisfaction with eight aspects of their working situation, (e. g., job and pay satisfaction, mental health).
The major results were as follows.
1. lnteraction effects were found between M and Pressure-P, and between Planning-P and Pressure-P.
2. Pressure-P decreased subordinate satisfaction when it was performed alone, but increased satisfaction when it was combined with both M and Planning-P.
3, The interaction between M and Pressure-P was higher for subordinates who described their leader as showing high Planning-P than for the other respondents. This result suggested that Planning-P reinforced the influence of M on Pressure-P.
4. When Planning was high, no significant corelation was found between M and Pressure-P. but when Planning was low, a negative correration was found.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between leadership behavior and subordinate morale.
A leadership survey (PM leadership survey questionnaire-Misumi et al., 1970) was administered to employees of a bank five times at 15 month intervals. All bank employees described their own morale and the Performance-oriented and Maintenance-oriented leadership behavior of their immediate supervisor. There were 287 groups for which the supervisor changed between successive surveys and 159 groups for which the supervisor did not change. The average size of each work group, including the supervisor, was 7 people.
The main results were as follows:
For altered groups, there is no significant correlation between former supervisor, s and successor, s Poriented or M-oriented scores (P. 07; M. 11) while for non-altered groups the correlation between successive surveys is high (P. 64; M. 57). A similar pattem is found between morale scores on successive surveys (altered groups . 23; non-altered groups . 43). Within the altered groups there is a positive correlation between the degree of change in perceived leadership scores and subordinate morale (P. 50; M. 67). These results suggest that supervisor leadership behavior affects subordinate morale to a greater extent than subordinate morale affects supervisor leadership behavior.
A Log-LiRear Model was applied to results from the altered groups to further analyze the relationship between the new supervisor's P-M leadership type and subordinate morale scores across successive surveys. Tests for first-degree interactions show a strong relationship between the new supervisor's leadership behavior type and the following year, s subordinate morale. A weaker relatiohship exists between the new supervisor's leadership behavior and the previous year's subordinate morale.
The results indicate that although subordinate morale tends to affect leadership behavior, the force of leadership behavior on subordinate morale is much stronger. This supports the assumption of PM leadership theory.

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This study examined the relations of loneliness to various aspects of self-consciousness in the later stage of adolescence. Five scales were administered to the undergraduates students (N=396) from three universities. The scales were UCLA Loneliness Scale (Russell et al., 1980), Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1979), Self-Consciousness Scale (Fenigstein et al., 1975), Self-Monitoring Scale (Snyder, 1974), and Revised Self-Monitoring Scale (Lennox & Wolfe, 1984).
The results were as follows:
1) Loneliness scores were higher for males than for females.
2) Loneliness was correlated negatively to selfesteem and self-monitoring, and positively to social anxiety. A correlation between loneliness and private selfconsciousness was positive only for males.
3) Multiple regression analyses and discriminant analyses also suggested that loneliness was related to self-consciousness in more aspects for males than for females.

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The purpose of the present study was to find out the relationships between the six bases of social power (referent, expert, attraction, legitimate, reward and punishment) of the influencer in everyday life and the perception of being influenced by him and the satisfaction with him.
The respondents were 179 university students, 31 businessmen and 19 housewives. First, they chose the person who is the most influential for them (Influencer I) and the second, most influential person (Influencer II), and then they evaluated the influencers about the three variables mentioned above.
The main findings were as follows;
1. According to the Hayashi's quantification method of the first type, the perception of being influenced was significantly related to referent power and punishment power, and also legitimate power (Influencer I) and expert power (Influencer II).
2. The satisfaction with the influencer was significantly related to attraction power.
3. Systematic differences among the influencers (Father, Mother, Husband, Friend, Superior in workplace, Senior member or a colleague in university's extracurricular activities club) were not found about the results in 1 and 2.
4. According to the one-factor ANOVA, there were no significant differences among the influencers about referent power. Father, Mother and Husband had greater value on the perception of being influenced, and Friend and Colleague in university's extracurricular activities club had greater value on the satisfaction than any other influencers (p<. 05).

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the generalization of the mere exposure effect in person perception. When positive affect was produced by repeated presentations of a photograph of the face of a stimulus person, it generalized about a similar person. Change in the subject's perception of the stimulus persor's personality on social desirability dimension also generalized in regard to a similar person, when the mere exposure effect was obtained. Regression analyses were performed to examine the relationship between the mere exposure effect and the change in personality perception. The results indicated that the change in personality perception was mediated by the mere exposure effect.

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