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Volume 43 (2003 - 200･･･
- Issue 2 Pages 123-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 43, Issue 1
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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Original Articles
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Eriko Kudo2003 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 1-21
Published: 2003
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2004
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe differential effects of belief in blood-type based personality theory on selective use of confirmatory information and confirmatory judgment in person perception is examined. In two experiments, participants were given behavioral information of a target person and asked to judge if the target person's blood type is hypothesized blood type. In both experiments, participants, regardless of the level of belief in blood type based personality theory, rated confirmatory information more important than other information. On the other hand, the judgments of the blood type of the target differed between those who believe in the theory and those who do not. Those who strongly believe in the theory tended to make more confirmatory judgments than those who do not. These results support the prediction that the effects of belief in blood-type based personality theory take different roles in different stages of person perception processes. Experiment 2 also examined the role of amount of knowledge in blood-type based personality theory on selective use of confirmatory information.
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Kuniko Takagi2003 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 22-35
Published: 2003
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2004
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study attempted to examine the effects of emotional route and cognitive route on negative interpersonal affects (NIA) formation, and to propose the cognitive intervention procedure in cognitive route. In Study 1, 238 high school students rated the perceived negative emotional reactions, attributions of responsibility, and NIA for three hypothetical situations describing avoidance, rejection, and authoritative interpersonal conflicts with classmates. The findings indicated that the effect of cognitive route was stronger than that of emotional route in avoidance and authoritative situations. There was also evidence suggesting that the causal attributions of intentional — acceptable and unintentional — unavoidable affected NIA formation more than those of intentional — unacceptable and unintentional — avoidable. In Study 2, avoidance and authoritative situations were presented to 244 high school students. In both situations, one of four attributional information elements was presented, then the subjects rated NIA. The result was consistent with that of Study 1 that the attributions of intentional — acceptable and unintentional — unavoidable prompted NIA formation.
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Makoto Numazaki, Eriko Kudo2003 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 36-51
Published: 2003
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2004
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA review of studies on the effect of self-presentation styles on audiences' inferences about a presenter's ability revealed that the findings from vignette and laboratory experiments were inconsistent. It seemed that differences based on methodology were confounded with cultural explanations. To clarify this issue, laboratory and vignette experiments were conducted with Japanese female college students. In Experiment 1, in a laboratory, a confederate made either self-enhancing, self-effacing or no self-presentation of own ability before performing a task. The performance of the confederate was manipulated either as high or low. Self-enhancing presentation had a positive effect on audience's inferences of ability. This result was consistent with the findings of the previous laboratory experiments conducted with Westerners but inconsistent with those of the previous vignette experiments conducted with Asians. In Experiment 2, participants were given a vignette describing the situation in Experiment 1 before estimating the ability of the self-presenter. There was no effect of self-presentation style. Collectively, these results suggest that vignette studies are different from laboratory studies.
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Kimio Ito2003 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 52-62
Published: 2003
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2004
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo studies investigated the effects of the group membership of the source (in-group vs. out-group) and impression motivation on persuasion. In the experiment 1, participants (79 undergraduates) read either a strong or a weak message attributed to either an in-group or an out-group source. In the discussion conditions, they anticipated to discussing the issue later. In these conditions, their attitudes were influenced by the membership of the source (in-group > out-group) and by the quality of the message (strong > weak). In the no-discussion conditions, they were persuaded more by the in-group source regardless of the quality of the message. In experiment 2, participants (216 undergraduates) were divided into two groups based on their degree of self-monitoring, assuming this influences their impression motivation during persuasion. The participants read either a strong or a weak message attributed to either an in-group or an out-group source. The impression motivated participants (high self-monitors) were persuaded more in the in-group source conditions. The accuracy-motivated participants (low self-monitors) were influenced only by the quality of the message. These results are discussed in the light of the persuasive power of in-group sources.
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Kazumi Ogawa2003 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 63-74
Published: 2003
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2004
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA dyadic conversation is a dynamic interaction between conversants, which may influence the impressions about the conversants and the conversational process. Focusing on the reciprocity of conversational utterances as a pattern of interpersonal interaction (Burgoon et al., 1995), the present research examined the effects of utterance balance on neutral observers' impressions of the conversants and the conversation itself. Neutral observers' impressions were examined because they are more detached observers than the conversants themselves. In Experiment 1, a naturally occuring conversation was used as a stimulus. A stimulus in Experiment 2 was a conversation between confederates who talked about a topic given by the experimenter. In both experiments, utterance balance did not affect observers' impressions about the conversants; however, the conversation was evaluated more positively when the conversational utterances were balanced than when they were not. A future study should examine the conversants' own impressions of each other.
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Short Reports
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Toshihiko Souma, Takahisa Yamauchi, Mitsuhiro Ura2003 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 75-84
Published: 2003
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2004
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study examined how exclusivity of a romantic relationship influences the selection of coping behaviors in interpersonal conflict with the romantic partner. We predicted that high exclusivity in romantic relationships suppresses selection of adaptive coping behaviors conducive to the well-being of participants. Respondents were 108 young adults who have a romantic partner or a spouse. They completed a questionnaire that consisted of scales of perceived social support from their partners and nine other support sources, as well as coping behaviors in interpersonal conflict with their partners. Analyses revealed that, consistently with predictions, respondents with low exclusivity, that is, those who received emotional support from not only their partners but also other support sources, selected more constructive coping behavior, if duration of their relation was long. In contrast, respondents with high exclusivity selected less constructive coping behaviors, even if duration of their relation was long. From these results, we argue that exclusivity of romantic relationships can be maladaptative.
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Yohsuke Ohtsubo, Yasuhiro Shimada, Kyoko Morinaga, Ryo Misawa2003 Volume 43 Issue 1 Pages 85-91
Published: 2003
Released on J-STAGE: February 17, 2004
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study explored whether status differences in health care organizations inhibit effective communication about potential errors. Doctors, nurses, and pharmacists were asked to imagine that they found an error committed by their peer, junior staff, senior staff, and staff of other occupations, and to indicate how hesitant they would be in communicating their suspicion of the error to the target who committed them. Members of each occupation expressed greater hesitation when the target was more senior. Hesitation due to cross-occupational status differences was also found. Namely, nurses and pharmacists were more hesitant to communicate about the error to doctors than to the nurses and pharmacists. Also, the results indicated that staff in some organizations hesitated more than those in other organizations. Methodological limitations were discussed and possible future research topics were suggested that may help to reduce medical accidents.
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