Syphilis serological tests have been performed on the total 44023 general blood donors for eight and a half years since 1973. Four sorts of methods such as slide glass test, treponema pallidum hemaggulutination (TPHA), Ogata method and fluorescent treponemal antibodies absorption test (FTA-abs) were tested to examine syphilis.
The following results have been obtained.
1) The rate of donors estimated to be unsuitable for transfusion because of showing syphilis by these tests was 0.61%.
2) Forty nine percent of donors failed in screening tests was caused to be slide glass test positive, and about 50% of them was showed as (±) positive.
3) On confirm tests, 94.1% of positive donors determined by slide glass test except other methods was finally diagnosed as biological false positive (BFP) or normal, while 85.7% of that determined by TPHA was diagnosed as having syphilis.
4) Ratio of BFP between male to female was identified as 1 to 2.6 without any differences in an each age groups.
5) Coincidence of TPHA and FTA-abs was 88.9%, while TPHA and slide glass test coincided with the rate of 67.5%.
It is reasonable to conclude that TPHA is seemed to be more reliable test to exclude donors having syphilis as comparing with slide glass test, because TPHA seldom causes to show BFP.

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In the Rh system of both cases fathers were CDe/cDE(R₁R₂), mothers cdE/cdE(r″r″) and infants CDe/cDE(R₁R₂). Mother's sera reacted with red cells containing C and (or) D antigen (s) including her husband. Absorption experiments in first case resulted that the agglutinin in mother's serum was completely absorbed with C-D+red cells while the absorption with C+D-cells remained anti-D specific antibody. Eluates from the sensitized red cells both types of C-D+and C+D-agglutinated C and D positive red cells. The results concluded that antibodies in first case were anti-D+CD (G). In second case anti-D and anti-C specific antibodies were remained in mother's serum after the absorption with C+D-and C-D+red cells respectively. Agglutination was observed in the reactions between eluates from red cells using absorption experiment, and C and D positive cells. Then antibodies in case 2 determined anti-C+D+CD (G). The anti-CD (G) antibodies were confirmed to belong to IgG class of immunoglobulin by 2-mercaptoethanol and ion-exchange chromatography analysis. No positive red cells reacted with case 2 mother's serum was found in 137 red cell samples of cde/cde(rr), cde/cdE(rr″) and cdE/cdE(r″r″). Both case infants received exchange blood transfusion and phototherapy after delivery.

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Human red cells were obtained from ACD blood, and named the upper one-thirds as a top fraction and lower one-thirds as a bottom fraction after low speed centrifugation. Each sample was stored in a refrigerator (4°C) and in a freezer (-30°C) during 4 weeks, respectively.
The activities of xylulokinase, hexokinase, transketolase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase were measured by enzymatic methods on each sample.
All activities of enzymes decreased more in the bottom fraction than in the top fraction.
It was suggested that the decrease of activities in the fraction which finally showed some difference with cell age in vivo were in parallel with those of in vitro.

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Blood has been preserved in several solutions but nowadays blood is preserved by freezing. Several factors, namely, ATP, electrolytes, 2, 3-DPG, etc. were measured during the preservation time to find how the blood changed. The problem is that the affinity of the hemoglobin in preserved blood rises so that the transfused blood can not supply oxygen to the tissue. RCA has the role of carrying CO₂ produced in the tissue to the lungs, and is an important life sustaining enzyme. But it is not known whether the RCA activity and quantity change or not. Therefore the activity and quantity of RCA-B or -C was measured during 24 days period. The blood was stored in ACD, CPD and heparin solution.
The RCA activity was found to change during preservation. The activity increased from the 4th day after collecting in heparin and from the 16th day in CPD, but did not change for 24 days in the ACD solution. The RCA-B and -C isozyme quantity changed slightly in ACD, CPD and heparin. The reason for the RCA activity change in the preserved blood is not thought to be related to the change in the RCA isozyme quantity. However, the factors (pH, K, glucose, pyruvate and lactate) which change during storage are thought to be responsible for the change in the RCA activity, because the RCA activity increased ever when those factors decreased of disappeared in the preserved blood.

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Postoperative hepatitis was investigated on 142 patients undergone open-heart operation using cardiopulmonary bypass. Ninety-two patients received only blood components and 50 patients received whole blood.
The incidence of postoperative hepatitis was 18.5% (17) in blood components group and 10% (5) in whole blood group.
They were all non-A, non-B hepatitis except 2 cases sufferred from hepatitis B.
In this context, though the open-heart operation using cardiopulmonary bypass needs much blood, the innocuous blood is hardly to get at moment.
In pediatric cases using cardiopulmonary bypass within forty minutes, the cases in blood components group required 19.7 units per case, and the cases in whole blood group 14.7 units. (p>0.05)
The counterplan to prevent postoperative hepatitis was presented by the authors. Transfusion with autologous blood, washed red cells and albumin derivatives was proposed.

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Serial serum samples from 16 patients who received blood transfusions and underwent operations in the Department of Surgery, National Medical Center Hospital, were examined for circulating immune complexes (IC) by Clq solid phase radioimmunoassay.
Eight of the 10 patients who were considered to suffer from transfusion-associated non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis had increased IC levels, while only one of the 6 patients with normal serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) had increased IC levels. The difference was significant by X² test. There were three types in respect of the time of elevated IC levels; i. e., immediately before, coincident with, or during the return to normal of raised SGPT.
In five of the 8 patients, the molecular size of IC was analysed by gel filtration on Sepharose 6B. Only 2 of the 5 patients with high IC levels showes increased Clq binding activity in fractions of intermediate size.
It was suggested that analysis of the molecular size of IC is important for trying to detect virus-associated antigens in IC in NANB hepatitis.

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