1) We have examined the frequency of Rh-isosensitization in 4000 pregnant women and recognized 8 cases (0.2%) with negative Rh₀(D), and 5 cases (0.13%) with positive Rh-antibody.
2) We reported one rare case of Rh-genotype, A, Ccdee among these pregnant women.
3) We investigated 554 pregnant women and their husbands as to the frequency of ABO-isosensitization, and found 46 cases (8.3%) with positive ABO-antibody.
4) We performed replacement transfusion by the Diamond method in 3 case with positive Rh-antibody and one case with positive ABO-antibody. The results were satisfactory.
5) We concluded that erythroblastosis fetalis or icterus neonatorum praecox occurred much more frequently in ABO-incompatibility than in Rh-incompatibility among the Japanese people.

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In most blood banks, usually 200-400cc. of blood are withdrawn a month from an individual. The withdrawal of blood in such an extent is generally believed to be quite inoffensive to the professional donors. This formula, however, does not seem to have sufficiently scientific ground. The time required for recovery from anemia varies owing to the technique adopted for the examination of anemia. Among various techniques used for the examination of anemia, for example: the Hb content (Sahli), red cell count, hematocrit value, blood density by copper sulphate solution method, protein content by refractometry, micro-determination of blood water content by capillary method, the last technique gives the most accurate and reliable result. By the personal investigation of the present author on the experimental anemia of dogs caused by blood depletion using 2 groups of animals. In one group a relatively small (10cc. of blood per Kg. of body weight) and in the other a relatively great quantity of blood (20cc. of blood per Kg. of body weight) was depleted. It was found that 8-10 weeks were required for complete recovery in both groups. If the same holds true in human anemia, about 2 months of interval between 2 successive depletions will be necessary for the professional donors. The changes in blood after operation can also be traced by the microdetermination of blood water content, though the phenomena are complicated by clinical treatments such as the transfusion of blood or blood substitutes.

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The author emphasized the liver damage as an important aspect of side-reactions attending massive blood transfusions. Massive exchange transfusions of 0.7-0.5cc/Kg/min. were given to 3 groups of rabbits, the first being subjected to CCl₄ poisoning, producing damage to the central lobules, the second to formic allyl as a poison to the peripheral lobules of the liver, while the third to mechanical injury by biliary occlusion.
The results obtained may be summarized as follows:
1) Microscopically, the liver lobules as well as other vital organs revealed progressive signs of intoxication. These changes, however, are temporary and often reversible, although recovery is delayed from case to case.
2) Following mechanical injury produced by biliary occlusion, the changes in various organs and liver functions showed simply an intensification of the preexisting damage due to massive blood transfusions, although the survival time is shortened. The spleen appeared to be exceptional.
3) Massive blood transfusions also exert a remarkable influence on the adrenal glands, indicating an influence on the defensive vital reaction in the presence of liver damage.
4) In animals with liver damage caused by formic allyl and also in biliary occlusion, massive blood transfusions induce remarkable blood stagnation and hemosiderin precipitation in the spleen. It is therefore presumed that massive blood transfusions give a compensatory burden on this organ.
In conclusion, the author conjectures that the influence of massive transfusions in patients with liver damage, as compared with transfusions of blood in moderate amounts, induce remarkable body reactions, but these effects are mostly temporary and reversible. However, the results stated in 3) and 4) should be regarded as important considerations to be taken into account in the practice of massive transfusion.

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Eight patients were described who suffered from bone-marrow failure due to Mitomycin treatment for cancer. Seven of them were treated with bone-marrow transfusion from their families.
Investigations and observations were made on clinical, hematologic, immunohematologic and pathologic aspects of bone-marrow transfusion, but the purpose of this paper is only to report cases in which bone-marrow transfusion resulted in the immunohematological procedure and the blood group picture.
Antibodies for donor's red cells were not detected in the sera of eight recipients, and donor-type red cells were not found in the blood of seven patients.
There obtained evidence for a “take” of the homologous bonemarrow in case No. 2.

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Experimental studies concerning the hemorrhagic tendency due to massive blood transfusion are performed. The results obtained are summarized as follows:
1) After massive blood transfusions in rabbits the prolongation of bleeding time, clotting time, and the decrease of capillary resistance are demonstrated.
2) Platelet counts of the recipients decrease after 2-3 hours of massive transfusions and return to the normal range after 24 hours.
3) The extent of the decrease in platelet counts parallels the amount of blood transfused in the majority of cases.
4) The quantitative changes of blood coagulation factors, although definitely recognizable, do not fall much below the critical range except in a few cases.
5) The fibrinolytic phenomenon is accelerated as a rule after the transfusion.
6) The antiplasmin activity of the recipient's serum shows remarkable changes and the decrease appears to be influenced by the reduced platelet counts.

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