Concrete Journal

Use of Silica Fume in Concrete-Present and Future-

Shigeyoshi Nagataki

1991 Volume 29 Issue 4 Pages 5-16
Published: April 01, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: April 26, 2013

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3151/coj1975.29.4_5

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First concrete structure in Japan using a large volume of silica fume practically as an additive for concrete is Super CIDS (named Beaufort I after the Construction), which was fabricated in Tsu yard of NKK and then drawn to the North Sea. Many researches on the application of silica fume as an additive to concrete have been done due to the increase in the practical application of Silica fume to concrete in the United States of America and Norway, and due to the need of high strength concrete and durable concrete in Japan. Because silica fume is a by-product of silicon metal or ferro-silicon, its chemical compositions and physical properties depend on the kind of the original products and the process. However there are published papers in which silica fume is supposed to be a material with uniform quality. In this paper, the characterizations of silica fume, the consideration of silica fume in various countries, and the improvement method for concrete quality by the use of silica fume, are elucidated from the published literatures. This report will be the help for the readers who intend to use silica fume for concrete in the fields of research, manufacture and construction, etc. in the future.

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Present State and Prospect on Use of High Fineness Granulated Blastfurnace Slag in Concrete

Y. Sakamoto, T. Tomisawa, T. Chikada

1991 Volume 29 Issue 4 Pages 17-26
Published: April 01, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: April 26, 2013

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3151/coj1975.29.4_17

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Blastfurnace slag cement has been used widely as a structural material due to the latent hydraulicity of ground granulated blastfurnace slag (GGBS) for a long time. Recently, high fineness GGBS has been able to make mass-production with the aid of the development of grinding technology. This paper describes mainly the circumstances of the development, related standards of foreign countries, properties and future subjects of investigation of low heat slag cement with a large quantity of high fineness GGBS, and also mentions the present state and prospect on the other uses of high fineness GGBS.

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Study on Super Low-Heat Cement Application to Mass Concrete for Anchorage of Suspension Bridge

K. Kanazawa, K. Yamada, A. Nitta, H. Ninomiya, S. Sogo

1991 Volume 29 Issue 4 Pages 27-36
Published: April 01, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: April 26, 2013

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3151/coj1975.29.4_27

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Thermal stress due to heat of hydration of cement causes serious cracking in massive concrete like anchorages for a suspension bridge. Furthermore, excessive stresses occur in reinforcing bar near the cracks. The authors studied the basic properties of super low-heat cement concrete containing large amounts of fly ash and pulverized blast-furnace slag in the cement. It was concluded from the experimental study that the strength would satisfy the design criteria of the bridge and that adiabatic temperature rise to less than 22°C is achieved with unit cement content of 260 kg/m³. In addition, time of setting, bleeding, mechanical behaviours, loss of workability, and the effect of placing temperature are described in this paper.

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The Methods of Controlling Thermal Cracks of the Anchorage of the Suspention Bridge

H. Nakagomi, Y. Nishi, H. Tajima, M. Takahashi

1991 Volume 29 Issue 4 Pages 37-49
Published: April 01, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: April 26, 2013

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3151/coj1975.29.4_37

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Tokyo Port Bridge in Metolopolitan Expressway Route No. 12 is being constructed to cross the Port of Tokyo from Shibaura area to Daiba area. The type of this bridge is the suspension bridge, the length is 918 meter and the length of center span is 570 meter. The anchorage of this bridge is constructed on caissons (70 meter x 45 meter). The upper slab of caissons is placed 5.5 meter to 6.0 meter in thickness, the volume of anchorage is 60 000 cubic meter, and then the upper slab of caissons and the anchorage are the mass volume concrete structures. This report presents the method of controlling thermal cracks, such as the super low-heat type cement, pipe cooling method, precooling method using liquid nitrogen, in massive concrete structures.

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Construction of MM 21 LANDMARK TOWER's Mat Foundation Using Super Low-Heat Concrete

S. Yamasaki, Y. Ishikawa, S. Okamoto, M. Kawakita

1991 Volume 29 Issue 4 Pages 50-58
Published: April 01, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: April 26, 2013

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3151/coj1975.29.4_50

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Mat foundation of MM 21 LANDMARK TOWER is very massive reinforced concrete structure (Area; 5 350 m², Depth; 5.0 m, Reinforcement; 4 300 t, Concrete Volume; 26 750 m³). Therefore, Super low-heat cement, which consists of portland cement, blast-furnace slag, and fly ash are employed in order to prevent the occurrence of thermal cracks in concrete. And for eliminating construction joints, Concrete is placed by Bifurcating Pipe Layout Method. This report will explains the outline of these concrete works.

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Construction of Wall Foundation Using High Strength Low Heat Generating Concrete at the Anchorage of Akashi Kaikyo Bridge

S. Kashima, Y. Sano, K. Sakai, R. Yamaoka, S. Sogo

1991 Volume 29 Issue 4 Pages 59-69
Published: April 01, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: April 26, 2013

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3151/coj1975.29.4_59

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Akashi Kaikyo Bridge will be the world's longest suspension bridge with a center span of 1 990 m. The anchorage of this bridge at the Honshu side has its bearing ground at a location 62 m deep and will be constructed on a concrete foundation surrounded by a wall foundation of depth of 75 m. This wall foundation is to be a continuous slender reinforced concrete wall of depth 75 m having cross sections of 2.2 m x 8.5 m (standard panel) and 2.2 m x 3.2 m (joint panel). Concrete is to be placed in slurry using tremies, and along with high fluidity and segregation resistance, high strength and low heat evolution will be required. Therefore, a high strength low heat generating concrete using a ternary blended cement containing large amounts of fly ash and blast-furnace slag, and a superplasticizer was applied. This report describes the results of tests on basic properties the results of tests on quality using models, and the results of placement.

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[title in Japanese]

1991 Volume 29 Issue 4 Pages 86-91
Published: April 01, 1991
Released on J-STAGE: April 26, 2013

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.3151/coj1975.29.4_86

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