Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition
Online ISSN : 1880-5086
Print ISSN : 0912-0009
ISSN-L : 0912-0009
50 巻, 2 号
選択された号の論文の12件中1~12を表示しています
Serial Review
  • Tetsuro Ishii, Eiji Warabi, Toru Yanagawa
    2012 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 91-105
    発行日: 2012年
    公開日: 2012/02/28
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2012/02/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    Peroxiredoxins possess thioredoxin or glutathione peroxidase and chaperone-like activities and thereby protect cells from oxidative insults. Recent studies, however, reveal additional functions of peroxiredoxins in gene expression and inflammation-related biological reactions such as tissue repair, parasite infection and tumor progression. Notably, peroxiredoxin 1, the major mammalian peroxiredoxin family protein, directly interacts with transcription factors such as c-Myc and NF-κB in the nucleus. Additionally, peroxiredoxin 1 is secreted from some cells following stimulation with TGF-β and other cytokines and is thus present in plasma and body fluids. Peroxiredoxin 1 is now recognized as one of the pro-inflammatory factors interacting with toll-like receptor 4, which triggers NF-κB activation and other signaling pathways to evoke inflammatory reactions. Some cancer cells release peroxiredoxin 1 to stimulate toll-like receptor 4-mediated signaling for their progression. Interestingly, peroxiredoxins expressed in protozoa and helminth may modulate host immune responses partly through toll-like receptor 4 for their survival and progression in host. Extracellular peroxiredoxin 1 and peroxiredoxin 2 are known to enhance natural killer cell activity and suppress virus-replication in cells. Peroxiredoxin 1-deficient mice show reduced antioxidant activities but also exhibit restrained tissue inflammatory reactions under some patho-physiological conditions. Novel functions of peroxiredoxins in inflammation, cancer and innate immunity are the focus of this review.
Original Articles
  • Seung Wan Kang, Seokyung Hahn, Jung-Kyu Kim, Seung-Min Yang, Byung-Joo ...
    2012 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 106-113
    発行日: 2012年
    公開日: 2012/02/28
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2011/10/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    Antioxidant supplementations are commonly used as an ergogenic aid for physical exercise despite its limited evidence. The study aimed to investigate the effects of a polyphenol mixture and vitamins on exercise endurance capacity. Seventy regularly exercising male participants were randomly assigned to receive oligomerized lychee fruit extract, a mixture of vitamin C (800 mg) and E (320 IU), or a placebo for 30 consecutive days. The study results showed that oligomerized lychee fruit extract significantly elevated the submaximal running time (p = 0.01). The adjusted mean change was 3.87 min (95% CI: 1.29, 6.46) for oligomerized lychee fruit extract, 1.33 (−1.23, 3.89) for the vitamins, and 1.60 (−1.36, 4.56) for the placebo (p = 0.33 in between groups). Oligomerized lychee fruit extract significantly increased the anaerobic threshold by 7.4% (1.8, 13.0). On the other hand, vitamins significantly attenuated VO2max by −3.11 ml/kg/m (−5.35, −0.87). Their effects on plasma free radical amount, however, were similar. Our results suggest that a polyphenol-containing supplement and typical antioxidants may have different mechanisms of action and that the endurance-promoting effect of oligomerized lychee fruit extract may not directly come from the scavenging of free radicals but may be attributed to other non-antioxidant properties of polyphenols, which requires further investigation.
  • Takafumi Senmaru, Masahiro Yamazaki, Hiroshi Okada, Mai Asano, Michiak ...
    2012 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 114-118
    発行日: 2012年
    公開日: 2012/02/28
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2011/11/01
    ジャーナル フリー
    We recently identified senescence marker protein-30 as the lactone-hydrolyzing enzyme gluconolactonase, which is involved in vitamin C biosynthesis. In this study, we investigated the effects of vitamin C on insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells using senescence marker protein-30/gluconolactonase knockout mice. In intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests, vitamin C-deficient senescence marker protein-30/gluconolactonase knockout mice demonstrated impaired glucose tolerance with significantly lower blood insulin levels at 30 and 120 min post-challenge than in wild type mice (p<0.01–0.05). In contrast, vitamin C-sufficient senescence marker protein-30/gluconolactonase knockout mice demonstrated significantly higher blood glucose and lower insulin only at the 30 min post-challenge time point (p<0.05). Senescence marker protein-30/gluconolactonase knockout mice showed enhanced insulin sensitivity regardless of vitamin C status. Static incubation of islets revealed that 20 mM glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and islet ATP production were significantly decreased at 60 min only in vitamin C-deficient SMP30/GNL knockout mice relative to wild type mice (p<0.05). These results indicate that the site of vitamin C action lies between glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, while SMP30 deficiency itself impairs the distal portion of insulin secretion pathway.
  • Constance Schmelzer, Mitsuaki Kitano, Kazunori Hosoe, Frank Dörin ...
    2012 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 119-126
    発行日: 2012年
    公開日: 2012/02/28
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2011/11/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    Coenzyme Q10 is an essential cofactor in the respiratory chain and serves as a potent antioxidant in biological membranes. Recent studies in vitro and in vivo provide evidence that Coenzyme Q10 is involved in inflammatory processes and lipid metabolism via gene expression. To study these effects at the epigenomic level, C57BL6J mice were supplemented for one week with reduced Coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinol). Afterwards, gene expression signatures and DNA promoter methylation patterns of selected genes were analysed. Genome-wide transcript profiling in the liver identified 1112 up-regulated and 571 down-regulated transcripts as differentially regulated between ubiquinol-treated and control animals. Text mining and GeneOntology analysis revealed that the “top 20” ubiquinol-regulated genes play a role in lipid metabolism and are functionally connected by the PPARα signalling pathway. With regard to the ubiquinol-induced changes in gene expression of about +3.14-fold (p≤0.05), +2.18-fold (p≤0.01), and −2.13-fold (p≤0.05) for ABCA1, ACYP1, and ACSL1 genes, respectively, hepatic DNA methylation analysis of 282 (sense orientation) and 271 (antisense) CpG units in the respective promoter islands revealed no significant effect of ubiquinol. In conclusion, ubiquinol affects the expression of genes involved in PPARα signalling and lipid metabolism without changing the promoter DNA methylation status in the liver of mice.
  • Yoshimi Sueishi, Misa Ishikawa, Daisuke Yoshioka, Nobuyuki Endoh, Shig ...
    2012 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 127-132
    発行日: 2012年
    公開日: 2012/02/28
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2011/11/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    Recently, we proposed an oxygen radical absorbance capacity method that directly quantifies the antioxidant’s scavenging capacity against free radicals and evaluated the radical scavenging abilities for water soluble antioxidant compounds. In this study, we determined the radical scavenging abilities of lipophilic antioxidants which were solubilized by cyclodextrin in water. Commonly employed fluorescence-based method measures the antioxidant’s protection capability for the fluorescent probe, while we directly quantify free-radical level using electron paramagnetic resonance spin trapping technique. In addition, the spin trapping-based method adopted controlled UV-photolysis of azo-initiator for free radical generation, but in fluorescence-based method, thermal decomposition of azo-initiator was utilized. We determined the radical scavenging abilities of seven well-known lipophilic antioxidants (five flavonoids, resveratrol and astaxanthin), using methylated β-cyclodextrin as a solubilizer. The results indicated that the agreement between spin trapping-based and fluorescence-based values was only fair partly because of a large variation in the previous fluorescence-based data. Typical radical scavenging abilities in trolox equivalent unit are: catechin 0.96; epicatechin 0.94; epigallocatechin gallate 1.3; kaempferol 0.37; myricetin 3.2; resveratrol 0.64; and astaxanthin 0.28, indicating that myricetin possesses the highest antioxidant capacity among the compounds tested. We sorted out the possible causes of the deviation between the two methods.
  • Zihua Luo, Yan Zhao, Yuefei Wang, Xianqiang Yang, Baolu Zhao
    2012 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 133-138
    発行日: 2012年
    公開日: 2012/02/28
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2011/09/13
    ジャーナル フリー
    Theaflavins, the oxidation products of tea polyphenols are important biologically active components of black tea. 6-hydroxydopamine is a pro-parkinsonian neurotoxin. Theaflavins could inhibit the auto-oxidation of 6-hydroxydopamine in a dose-dependent manner from 0.5 μg/ml to 25 μg/ml. Here we investigated the protective effect of theaflavins on 6-hydroxydopamine induced SH-SY5Y cells against apoptosis (within this concentration range). It was found that pretreating SH-SY5Y cells with 0.5 μg/ml of theaflavins prevented 6-hydroxydopamine-induced loss of cell viability, condensed nuclear morphology, attenuated 6-hydroxydopamine-induced apoptosis, decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential and the increase of intracellular nitric oxide levels. Our results indicated that theaflavins had protective effect against 6-hydroxydopamine induced apoptosis at low concentrations, possibly through inhibition of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide production.
  • Somasundaram Arumugam, Rajarajan A. Thandavarayan, Punniyakoti T. Veer ...
    2012 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 139-144
    発行日: 2012年
    公開日: 2012/02/28
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2011/11/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    Mulberry is commonly used as silkworm diet and an alternative medicine in Japan and China, has recently reported to contain many antioxidative flavanoid compounds and having the free radical scavenging effects. Antioxidants reduce cardiac oxidative stress and attenuate cardiac dysfunction in animals with pacing-induced congestive heart failure. Hence we investigated the cardioprotective effect of mulberry leaf powder in rats with experimental autoimmune myocarditis. Eight-week-old Lewis rats immunized with cardiac myosin were fed with either normal chow or a diet containing 5% mulberry leaf powder and were examined on day 21. ML significantly decreased oxidative stress, myocyte apoptosis, cellular infiltration, cardiac fibrosis, mast cell density, myocardial levels of sarco/endo-plasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase2, p22phox, receptor for advanced glycation end products, phospho-p38 mitogen activated protein kinase, phospho-c-Jun NH2-terminal protein kinase, glucose regulated protein78, caspase12 and osteopontin levels in EAM rats. These results may suggest that mulberry diet can preserve the cardiac function in experimental autoimmune myocarditis by modulating oxidative stress induced MAPK activation and further afford protection against endoplasmic reticulum stress mediated apoptosis.
  • Serhat Özdogan, Dilara Kaman, Bengü Çobanoglu Simsek
    2012 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 145-151
    発行日: 2012年
    公開日: 2012/02/28
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2011/09/03
    ジャーナル フリー
    Serhat Özdoğan, Dilara Kaman, Çobanoğlu Bengü Şimşek: Effects of coenzyme Q10 and α-lipoic acid supplementation in rats fed fructose. Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition 2011; 50(2): 145–151. (Received 2 April 2011; Accepted 3 September 2011)
    This article was withdrawn by the Editorial Committee on July 5, 2012, because it was constituted a breach of journal’s ethical policy.
  • Satoshi Seino, Yurie Tanaka, Taro Honma, Miyuki Yanaka, Kenta Sato, Na ...
    2012 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 152-157
    発行日: 2012年
    公開日: 2012/02/28
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2011/11/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    Various factors have been reported to influence lipid metabolism and cause metabolic syndrome. However, the influence of allergy on the liver that plays important role of lipid metabolism has not been clarified. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of allergy on lipid metabolism of liver. A model of atopic dermatitis was developed in the NC/Nga mouse using picryl chloride to induce allergy. Lipid metabolism parameters were measured and the mechanism of changes in these parameters was examined using DNA microarray analysis and quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR. Triacylglycerol accumulation was promoted in the liver in the mouse atopic dermatitis model despite reductions in food intake, body weight gain, and serum glucose. As this mechanism, it was thought that atopic dermatitis caused the suppression of fatty acid β-oxidation. These results suggest that atopic dermatitis causes lipid accumulation in the liver.
  • Tatsuhiro Matsuo, Reika Ishii, Yoko Shirai
    2012 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 158-161
    発行日: 2012年
    公開日: 2012/02/28
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2011/11/18
    ジャーナル フリー
    D-Psicose is a rare sugar present in small quantities in natural products. In a previous study, we showed that D-psicose suppresses increase in plasma glucose and reduces body fat accumulation in rats. Based on acute toxicity testing in rats, D-psicose is classified as an ordinary substance (LD50 = 16 g/kg). Elucidating the effects of sub-chronic feeding of D-psicose in rats is essential before it can be utilized as a physiologically functional food. In this study, male Wistar rats (3 weeks old) were fed diets containing 3% D-psicose or sucrose for 90 days. The body weight gain and intra-abdominal adipose tissue weight did not differ between the sucrose and the D-psicose groups. The weights of the liver and kidneys were significantly higher in the D-psicose group than in the sucrose group. However, no gross pathological findings were evident at dietary doses of 3% D-psicose or were correlated with hypertrophy of the liver and kidney. In a clinical chemistry analysis, the erythrocyte and leukocyte courts were significantly higher in the D-psicose group, but that was not considered to be toxicologically significant. Therefore, the present study found no adverse effects of D-psicose in rats fed a diet containing 3% D-psicosefor 90 days.
  • Masaru Ohtani, Shigeo Kawada, Taizo Seki, Yasuyuki Okamoto
    2012 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 162-168
    発行日: 2012年
    公開日: 2012/02/28
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2011/11/05
    ジャーナル フリー
    The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of supplementation with amino acids and vitamins on health conditions in unhealthy older people. One bedridden inpatient group (n = 10; mean age, 79.8 ± 8.5 y) and one outpatient group (n = 9; mean age, 72.9 ± 12.2 y) participated in this study. A mixture supplementation with amino acids containing arginine (500 mg/day), glutamine (600 mg/day), and leucine (1200 mg/day), and 11 kinds of vitamins was daily administrated for 8 weeks. In both groups, general blood biomarkers such as white blood cell count, natural killer cell activity, and C-reactive protein levels were measured. All measurements were taken before (baseline), at 4 weeks (mid-point), and after each trial (post-point). At mid-point, natural killer cell activity in the outpatient group increased significantly compared to baseline. At post-point, natural killer cell activity in the outpatient and inpatient groups increased significantly compared to baseline. The other blood biomarkers did not show any significant change throughout the trial. This pilot study suggested that a mixture of arginine, glutamine, leucine, and vitamins is useful to support innate immunity in unhealthy older people, even if their diseases, symptoms, and prescribed medicines are different.
  • Yasuo Shimizu, Kunio Dobashi, Motoyasu Kusano, Masatomo Mori
    2012 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 169-175
    発行日: 2012年
    公開日: 2012/02/28
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2011/11/11
    ジャーナル フリー
    Symptomatic differences and the impact of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) have not been clarified in patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The purpose of this study is to assess the differences of GERD symptoms among asthma, COPD, and disease control patients, and determine the impact of GERD symptoms on exacerbation of asthma or COPD by using a new questionnaire for GERD. A total of 120 subjects underwent assessment with the frequency scale for the symptoms of GERD (FSSG) questionnaire, including 40 age-matched patients in each of the asthma, COPD, and disease control groups. Asthma and control patients had more regurgitation-related symptoms than COPD patients (p<0.05), while COPD patients had more dysmotility-related symptoms than asthma patients (p<0.01) or disease control patients (p<0.01). The most distinctive symptom of asthma patients with GERD was an unusual sensation in the throat, while bloated stomach was the chief symptom of COPD patients with GERD, and these symptoms were associated with disease exacerbations. The presence of GERD diagnosed by the total score of FSSG influences the exacerbation of COPD. GERD symptoms differed between asthma and COPD patients, and the presence of GERD diagnosed by the FSSG influences the exacerbation of COPD.
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