Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition
Online ISSN : 1880-5086
Print ISSN : 0912-0009
ISSN-L : 0912-0009
60 巻, 1 号
選択された号の論文の12件中1~12を表示しています
Serial Reviews
  • Tetsuo Adachi
    原稿種別: Serial Review
    2017 年 60 巻 1 号 p. 1-2
    発行日: 2017年
    公開日: 2017/01/01
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2016/12/17
    ジャーナル フリー
  • Toshiro Kaneko, Shota Sasaki, Keisuke Takashima, Makoto Kanzaki
    原稿種別: Serial Review
    2017 年 60 巻 1 号 p. 3-11
    発行日: 2017年
    公開日: 2017/01/01
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2016/12/17
    ジャーナル フリー

    Gas-liquid interfacial atmospheric-pressure plasma jets (GLI-APPJ) are used medically for plasma-induced cell-membrane permeabilization. In an attempt to identify the dominant factors induced by GLI-APPJ responsible for enhancing cell-membrane permeability, the concentration and distribution of plasma-produced reactive species in the gas and liquid phase regions are measured. These reactive species are classified in terms of their life-span: long-lived (e.g., H2O2), short-lived (e.g., O2•−), and extremely-short-lived (e.g., OH). The concentration of plasma-produced OHaq in the liquid phase region decreases with an increase in solution thickness (<1 mm), and plasma-induced cell-membrane permeabilization is found to decay markedly as the thickness of the solution increases. Furthermore, the horizontally center-localized distribution of OHaq, resulting from the center-peaked distribution of OH in the gas phase region, corresponds with the distribution of the permeabilized cells upon APPJ irradiation, whereas the overall plasma-produced oxidizing species such as H2O2aq in solution exhibit a doughnut-shaped horizontal distribution. These results suggest that OHaq is likely one of the dominant factors responsible for plasma-induced cell-membrane permeabilization.

  • Akira Mizuno
    原稿種別: Serial Review
    2017 年 60 巻 1 号 p. 12-24
    発行日: 2017年
    公開日: 2017/01/01
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2016/12/17
    ジャーナル フリー

    Mechanism of inactivation of bio-particles exposed to non-thermal plasma (NTP), namely, dielectric barrier discharge (DBD), and plasma jet (PJ), has been studied using E. coli, B. subtilis spore, S. cerevisiae and bacteriophages. States of different biological components were monitored during the course of inactivation. Analysis of green fluorescent protein, GFP, introduced into E. coli. or B. subtiles spore cells proved that radicals generated by NTP penetrate into microbes, destroying the cell membrane and finally damage the genes. We have evaluated the damage of the bacteriophages. Bacteriophage λ having double stranded DNA was exposed to DBD, then DNA was purified and subjected to in vitro DNA packaging reactions. The re-packaged phages consist of the DNA from discharged phages and brand-new coat proteins were proved to be active, indicating that the damage of coat proteins is responsible for inactivation. M13 phages having single stranded DNA were also examined with the same manner. In this case, damage to the DNA was as severe as that of the coat proteins. For practical applications, DBD showed very intense sterilization ability for B. Subtilis spore with the D-value of less than 10 s. This result indicates a possibility of application of NTP for quick sterilization.

  • Kenji Miyamoto, Sanae Ikehara, Hajime Sakakita, Yuzuru Ikehara
    原稿種別: Serial Review
    2017 年 60 巻 1 号 p. 25-28
    発行日: 2017年
    公開日: 2017/01/01
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2016/12/17
    ジャーナル フリー

    Low temperature plasma (LTP) coagulation equipment, which avoids causing burn injuries to patients, has been introducing into minimally invasive surgery. The mechanism by which this equipment stops bleeding is to directly occupy the injury with the formed blood clots, and different from the mechanism of the common electrical hemostatic devices that cauterize the tissues around the bleeding to stem the blood flow. A noteworthy point is that LTP treatment with our equipment is not confined only to the blood coagulation system, but it has significant effects on the other blood components to form clots with or without hemolysis, and that there is a plasma current threshold that determines whether the treatment makes stable clots. In this review, we introduce the clinical benefits of LTP current and describe the clot formation it facilitates.

  • Hiromasa Tanaka, Masaru Hori
    原稿種別: Serial Review
    2017 年 60 巻 1 号 p. 29-32
    発行日: 2017年
    公開日: 2017/01/01
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2016/12/17
    ジャーナル フリー

    An innovative approach for producing reactive oxygen and nitrogen species is the use of non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma. The technique has been applied in a wide variety of fields ranging from the micro-fabrication of electric devices to the treatment of disease. Although non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasmas have been shown to be clinically beneficial for wound healing, blood coagulation, and cancer treatment, the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. In this review, we describe the current progress in plasma medicine, with a particular emphasis on plasma-activated medium (PAM), which is a solution that is irradiated with a plasma and has broadened the applications of plasmas in medicine.

  • Hiroaki Kajiyama, Fumi Utsumi, Kae Nakamura, Hiromasa Tanaka, Shinya T ...
    原稿種別: Serial Review
    2017 年 60 巻 1 号 p. 33-38
    発行日: 2017年
    公開日: 2017/01/01
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2016/12/17
    ジャーナル フリー

    The therapeutic effects of non-thermal plasma are expected in the medical fields, including hemostasis, vascularization, prevention of organ adhesion, and cell proliferation. Cancer is an internal enemy arising from normal tissue in the body. The prognosis of metastatic and recurrent cancers is still poor despite advances in medicine. To apply non-thermal plasma in cancer treatment is now on going. The mechanism of the proliferation-inhibitory effect of plasma is reactive nitrogen oxide species/reactive oxygen species production in cells. There are a number of problems to be overcome, such as existence of intrinsic reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species scavengers and the shallow infiltration of plasma on tumor surface. The current reviews makes referral to the study results of plasma therapy clarified so far, the possibility of its application in the future.

  • Tasuku Hirayama, Hideko Nagasawa
    原稿種別: Serial Review
    2017 年 60 巻 1 号 p. 39-48
    発行日: 2017年
    公開日: 2017/01/01
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2016/12/17
    ジャーナル フリー

    Owing to its distinctive electrochemical properties with interconvertible multiple oxidation states, iron plays a significant role in various physiologically important functions such as respiration, oxygen transport, energy production, and enzymatic reactions. This redox activity can also potentially produce cellular damage and death, and numerous diseases are related to iron overload resulting from the dysfunction of the iron regulatory system. In this case, ”free iron” or ”labile iron,” which refers to iron ion weakly bound or not bound to proteins, causes aberrant production of reactive oxygen species. With the aim of elucidating the variation of labile iron involved in pathological processes, some chemical tools that can qualitatively and/or quantitatively monitor iron have been utilized to investigate the distribution, accumulation, and flux of biological iron species. Since iron ions show unique reactivity depending on its redox state, i.e., Fe2+ or Fe3+ (or transiently higher oxidative states), methods for the separate detection of iron species with different redox states are preferred to understand its physiological and pathological roles more in detail. The scope of this review article covers from classical chromogenic to newly emerging chemical tools for the detection of Fe ions. In particular, chemical tools applicable to biological studies will be presented.

Review
Original Articles
  • Ho-Jae Lee, Jong Min Park, Ki Baik Hahm
    原稿種別: Original Article
    2017 年 60 巻 1 号 p. 55-62
    発行日: 2017年
    公開日: 2017/01/01
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2016/12/17
    ジャーナル フリー

    Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs damaged gastrointestinal mucosa in cyclooxygenase-dependent and -independent pathway, among which apopototic or autophagic cell death in gastrointestinal cells might be one of key cytotoxic mechanisms responsible for NSAID-induced damages. Therefore, alleviating this cell death after NSAIDs can be a rescuing strategy. In this study, we explored the role of Smad7 on NSAID-induced cytotoxicity in gastric epithelial cells. Using RGM1 cells, we have compared biological changes between mock-transfected and Smad7-overexpressed cells. As results, significantly decreased cytotoxicity accompanied with decreased levels of cleaved caspase-3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, Bax, and autophagic vesicles concurrent with decreased expressions of autophagy protein 5 and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3B-II were noted in Smad7-overexpressed cells with indomethacin administration compared to mock-transfected cells. Contrast to mitigated apoptotic execution, anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Beclin-1 were significantly increased in Smad7-overexpressed cells compared to mock-transfected cells. Smad7 siRNA significantly reversed these protective actions of Smad7 against indomethacin, in which p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase was significantly intervened. Furthermore, indomethacin-induced Smad7 degradation through ubiquitin-proteasome pathway was relevant to increased cytotoxicity, while chloroquine as autophagy inhibitor significantly attenuated indomethacin-induced cytotoxicity through Smad7 preservation via repressed ubiquitination. Conclusively, either genetic overexpression or pharmacological induction of Smad7 significantly attenuated indomethacin-induced gastric cell damages.

  • Saradamma Bulle, Vaddi Damodara Reddy, Pannuru Padmavathi, Paramahamsa ...
    原稿種別: Original Article
    2017 年 60 巻 1 号 p. 63-69
    発行日: 2017年
    公開日: 2017/01/01
    [早期公開] 公開日: 2016/10/05
    ジャーナル フリー

    The present study aimed to understand the association between erythrocyte membrane alterations and hemolysis in chronic alcoholics. Study was conducted on human male volunteers aged between 35–45 years with a drinking history of 8–10 years. Results showed that plasma marker enzymes AST, ALT, ALP and γGT were increased in alcoholic subjects. Plasma and erythrocyte membrane lipid peroxidation, erythrocyte lysate nitric oxide (NOx) levels were also increased significantly in alcoholics. Furthermore, erythrocyte membrane protein carbonyls, total cholesterol, phospholipid and cholesterol/phospholipid (C/P) ratio were increased in alcoholics. SDS-PAGE analysis of erythrocyte membrane proteins revealed that increased density of band 3, protein 4.2, 4.9, actin and glycophorins, whereas glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and glycophorin A showed slight increase, however, decreased ankyrin with no change in spectrins (α and β) and protein 4.1 densities were observed in alcoholics. Moreover, alcoholics red blood cells showed altered morphology with decreased resistance to osmotic hemolysis. Increased hemolysis showed strong positive association with lipid peroxidation (r = 0.703, p<0.05), protein carbonyls (r = 0.754, p<0.05), lysate NOx (r = 0.654, p<0.05) and weak association with C/P ratio (r = 0.240, p<0.05). Bottom line, increased lipid and protein oxidation, altered membrane C/P ratio and membrane cytoskeletal protein profile might be responsible for the increased hemolysis in alcoholics.

  • Masashi Kuwahata, Mari Hasegawa, Yukiko Kobayashi, Yasuaki Wada, Yasuh ...
    原稿種別: Original Article
    2017 年 60 巻 1 号 p. 70-75
    発行日: 2017年
    公開日: 2017/01/01
    ジャーナル フリー

    We examined whether protein- and food-intake restrictions modulate the oxidized/reduced state of plasma albumin in Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were fed a 3%, 5%, 10% or 20% casein diet for 2 weeks. The plasma albumin concentration significantly decreased with decreasing protein intake. However, no significant difference in plasma albumin concentration was seen between rats fed the 5% or 10% casein diet. In rats fed the 5% casein diet, the percentage of mercaptalbumin within total plasma albumin was significantly lower and that of nonmercaptalbumin-1 was significantly higher than in rats fed the 10% casein diet. In experiments with food-intake restriction for 2 weeks, rats were fed 50% or 75% of the amount of a 20% casein diet consumed by control rats. The percentage of mercaptalbumin was significantly lower and that of nonmercaptalbumin-2 was significantly higher in rats with food-intake restriction than in control rats. When rats with malnutrition were refed with the 20% casein diet ad libitum, the percentage of mercaptalbumin rapidly increased. The change in the percentage of mercaptalbumin was correlated with the plasma transthyretin concentration. These results indicate that the oxidized/reduced state of plasma albumin may be applied as a sensitive marker of nutritional status reflecting dietary pattern.

  • Yoshimi Sueishi, Erisa Kamogawa, Anna Kimura, Go Kitahara, Hiroyuki Sa ...
    原稿種別: Original Article
    2017 年 60 巻 1 号 p. 76-80
    発行日: 2017年
    公開日: 2017/01/01
    ジャーナル フリー

    Multiple free-radical scavenging (MULTIS) activity in cattle and human sera was evaluated with electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Scavenging rates against six active species, namely hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion, alkoxyl radical, alkylperoxyl radical, methyl radical, and singlet oxygen were quantified. The difference in the electron spin resonance signal intensity in the presence and absence of the serum was converted into the scavenging rates. Comparative MULTIS measurements were made in sera from eight beef cattle, three fetal calves and fifteen healthy human volunteers. Further, we determined the MULTIS value of albumin, the most abundant component in serum. MULTIS values in cattle sera indicated higher scavenging activity against most free radical species tested than human sera. In particular, cattle serum scavenging activities against superoxide and methyl radical were higher than human serum by 2.6 and 3.7 fold, respectively. In cattle serum, albumin appears to play a dominant role in MULTIS activity, but in human serum that is not the case. Previous data indicated that the abundance of uric acid in bovine blood is nearly 80% less than humans; however, this difference does not explain the deviation in MULTIS profile.

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