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Volume 24 (1984 - 198･･･
- Issue 2 Pages 111-
- Issue 1 Pages 1-
Volume 24, Issue 2
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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SORO KANO1985 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages 111-119
Published: February 20, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe importance of macroscopic analysis inthe study of group structure was pointed out. To describe the characteristics of macroscopic structure, 5 dimensions were proposed: Unity, Centralization, Polarity, Hierarchicality, and Density.
In order to describe macroscopic sociometric group structure, a condensation method was introduced.
The condensation method, which was derived from graph theory, treats members in mutual choice relations as a set named “component” and describes macroscopic structure, as a pattern of relations among components.
Genneral principles of condensation analysis were introduced and some practical procedures were explained.
Some examples of sociometric condensations which were obtained by applying the methods to middle school classroom analysis were presented, and theoretical as well as practical utilities of the model were discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1775K) -
KUMUKO YOSHITAKE1985 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages 121-126
Published: February 20, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe experiment was conducted to test the effectiveness of majority opinion's reality on conformity in following three changing situations: (1) majority opinion formation period (2) unanimity period (3) breakdown period. Twenty female college students responded on a time perceptual task through 30 trials in one of the following two conditions: (1) high reality: Majority's opinion was less erroneous; (2) low reality: Majority's opinion was obviously erroneous. Major results were as follows. 1. In the early opinion formation periods, the conformity rates were equal in both reality conditions. But in the late opinion formation period when for the first time more than half of the group members agreed to the opinion, the conformity rates of only high reality condition increased radically. 2. In the opinion unaimity periods, the conformity rates of both conditions were not different. 3. In the opinion breakdown periods, under high reality condition the conformity behaviors tended to continue, whereas under low reality condition that tendency was not observed, suggesting that under high reality condition majority opinion will give the individuals more internal effects.View full abstractDownload PDF (1367K) -
KAZUKO INOUE1985 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages 127-134
Published: February 20, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study was designed to investigate whether Equity Theory can be applied to dating couples' intimate romantic relationships. Male and female steady daters were divided into 5 categories according to the degree of equity-inequity in their relationships. Relationships beteen the degree of equity-inequity, and emotional responses, behavioral teridency and marriage intention were examined. The results demonstrated that the more ineqitable daters perceived their relationships, the more distress they felt, and they tried to restore equity in some ways according to the degree of inequity. More precisely, significant quadratic trends were found in relationships between the degree of inequity, and total mood index, behavioral tendency and marriage intention. Those slightly over benefited tried to increase self inputs, and those slightly under benefited tried to increase partrers' inputs. But those greatly over or greatly under benefited were tempted to sever their relationships. Findings were discussed in view of social exchange theory.View full abstractDownload PDF (1646K) -
KWANG SUN CHOI1985 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages 135-141
Published: February 20, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study was designed to exeamine how the target's interpretation of his behavior being modified by the perceiver's expectancy leads to changes in the self-concept and cognition toward the perceiver.
The study was conducted in two sessions held one week apart. Subjects were 88 middle school students, They were randomly assigned to the following two conditions: (1) Expectancy condition; expectancy manipulation was conducted, (2) Control condition; no expectancy manipulation was conducted. Subjects in each condition were divided into two groups according to the median algebraic difference between the task performance scores of session 1 and those of session 2. Between the first and second sessions, subject's ratings of self and teacher were measured.
Major results were as follows:
(1) Between the first and second sessions, changes in ratings of self and teacher were larger ulnder expectancy conditions than under control conditions.
(2) The group showing the large behavior changes between the first and second sessions changed ratings of self and teacher more than the group showing the small behavior changes did.
(3) Such traits as trustworthiness, responsibility, loyalty, and diligence were related to changes in a student's self-concept which resulted from his behavior being modified by teacher's expectancy.View full abstractDownload PDF (1580K) -
THE EFFECT OF PAYOFF MATRICES INTRODUCED IN A VOTING SITUATIONTETSUO TAKIGAWA1985 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages 143-148
Published: February 20, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn experimental analysis of voting behavior based on a new matrix game paradigm defined by Takigawa (1983) is reported. Five experimental conditions defined by 2×2 payoff matrices were adopted, where the first row represented the player's vote for the first party and the second row the vote for the second party. The first column corresponded to the winning of the first party and the second column to the winning of the second party. Eight successive elections were performed in the course of an hour. The result showed the effectiveness of the payoff matrices used. The selection distributions converged upon the first party acceleratively, which we called an avalanche phenomenon, as shown in Figs. 2 and 3. Further analysis suggested that there were two stages in decision making in this kind of situation, i. e., the subjects tended to control the outcome of the voting by voting to realize the best score cell initially in each election and shifted their choice by voting for the other party which they predicted would win at the next vote in order to realize some score.View full abstractDownload PDF (1374K) -
KAORI SATO1985 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages 149-159
Published: February 20, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn response to Edney & Harper's (1978) criticism that the static game paradigm that has often been used in the study of social traps is not appropriate to study the dynamic aspect of the problem, a new experimental paradigm for studying social traps is developed, which simulates the basic characteristics of the tragedy of the commons. Since the simulation requires the constant feedback of subjects' actions to the environment, a mini-computer is used to handle the complex processing of information. Each subject seated separately in front of a computer terminal decides how many sheep he/she adds to the common grazing ground that is graphically represented on his/her terminal screen. In a pilot experiment using this experimental format, three subjects in each group (a total of 7 groups was run) were assigned different status, allowing them to add a different number of sheep in one trial. The results of this pilot experiment were used to suggest possible improvements in the format. The results also suggest that equity concerns of the underprivileded members overrides their concern for the group welfare, culminating in repeated catastrophes.View full abstractDownload PDF (1553K) -
MASAYUKI NISHIKAWA1985 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages 161-165
Published: February 20, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study was designed to investigate the effects of help intentionality and harm doing on compensation. Subjects were 40 male students.
A pair of dyad, subject and confederate, competed with another pair in the game. The experimenter manipulated the game in such a way that subject's contributions were forty percent of his partner's. All subjects and their partners were told that the winning pair were given a thousand yen as a prize and the losing pair could gain only six hundred yen. Then, in the voluntary condition, the confederate was willing to allocate their rewards equally (intentionally altruistic sharing). In the compulsory condition, the experimenter compelled the confederate to allocate their rewards equally (compulsory altruistic sharing).
Data suggested that a feeling of sorrow was stronger among recipients when altruistic sharing was compulsory than when it was voluntary. The results also revealed that subjects who harmed their partner were willing to compensate them.View full abstractDownload PDF (1038K) -
[in Japanese]1985 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages 167-173
Published: February 20, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1625K) -
[in Japanese]1985 Volume 24 Issue 2 Pages 175-184
Published: February 20, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: November 26, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (2468K)
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