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Volume 33 (1993 - 199･･･
- Issue 3 Pages 179-
- Issue 2 Pages 89-
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Volume 33, Issue 1
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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the validity and limitation of the RCIMAKOTO KUBO1993 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 1-10
Published: July 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: June 04, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this study was to examine the aspect of closeness that the Relationship Closeness Inventory (Berscheid et al. 1989: RCI) measures. Four hundred undergraduate students (177 male and 223 female) identified the one person whom they considered to be close. And then they completed a questionnaire about that relationship including questions on six behavioral traits. Principal component analyses of six behavioral traits were conducted for four conditions-male friendship, female friendship, male romantic relationship, and female romantic relationship. The results showed that several princial components were observed in all conditions. Especially, present progressive component was observed in all conditions and stable component in three of the four conditions. Correlations between RCI score and each component score showed that RCI score was highly correlated with present progressive component, but had almost no correlation with the other components. Based on the results, the validity and limitation of the RCI was discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1288K) -
Their Effects on Interpersonal AttractionHIDETAKA OKUDA1993 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 11-20
Published: July 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: June 04, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe researcher explored the effect of topic importance on the relationship between assumed similarity and interpersonal attraction. Past research suggests that the effect emerges when the similarities of important and unimportant items differ, and that there are no effects under other conditions. One explanation is that the assumed similarity mediates attraction. Seventy six male and seventy two female students in Exp.1 and sixty eight female students attending a Nursing College in Exp.2 participated in the experiments. They were asked to evaluate individuals whose attitudes were similar to their own in half of the items and dissimilar in the remaining with regard to interpersonal attraction and assumed similarity. The results imply that interpersonal attraction is highest in the similar-important condition, and that it is lowest in the similar-unimportant condition. There were no differences between important attitude only and unimportant attitude only conditions. Comparable results were obtained in assumed similarity. However, there is no support of the hypothesis that assumed similarity mediates interpersonal attraction.View full abstractDownload PDF (1561K) -
Formation of committed relations among PD partnersNOBUHITO JIN, NAHOKO HAYASHI, HIROMI SHINOTSUKA1993 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 21-30
Published: July 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: June 04, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of the present study was to examine how the existence of multiple Prisoner's Dilemma (PD) relationships influence the development of a network system among participants and behaviour in each PD relationship. The experiment consisted of two conditions. In one condition (network conditon), subjects were required to make a two-step decision. The first step was to choose a game partner from the four member group. The second step was to determine how much one should cooperate with his or her partner in the PD relationship. Repeated trials included both decision steps. In the second condition (Two-person PD condition), subjects could not choose their partner, and were required to repeatedly play the PD game with the same partner. Results showed that: (1) In the network condition, a commitment between partners developed spontaneously; (2) Rate of cooperation increased in members who had established a commitment, compared to the trial when one had yet to establish such a commitment; and (3) the cooperative relationship was more firmly maintained in the network condition than in the two-persons PD condition.View full abstractDownload PDF (1507K) -
HIROSHI NONAMI1993 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 31-40
Published: July 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: June 04, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMinority's behavior is termed as the behavior objecting to the institutionalized domination system which controls others' behaviors by various sanctions. In this study, minority's self-sacrificing behavior style was defined as rejecting many rewards given from the institutionalized domination system. In the experiment, minority (1 confederate) always assumed a behavior concurrent with the subject's attitude (pro-attitudinal behavior for subjects themselves), and majority (4 or 5 confederates) always took a behavior against the subject's attitude (anti-attitudinal behavior for subjects themselves). In 2×2 factorial design (minority; present or not×behavior style; self-sacrificing or not), 33 subjects were asked to decide their own behavior. Subject's pro-attitudinal behavior was predicted to increase, when minority chose the self-sacrificing behavior style, as compared with the condition where minority isn't present. On the other hand, pro-attitudinal behavior was predicted not to increase, when minority took a behavior rewarded by the institutionalized domination system. Results of the experiment supported the prediction. Moreover, subject's conflict was high both when minority was present, and when minority behaved self-sacrificingly. These results suggested that self-sacrificing minority interferred with subjects' rationalization of their behavior.View full abstractDownload PDF (1530K) -
TADAHIRO ITO1993 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 41-51
Published: July 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: June 04, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe main purpose of this study is to examine whether a self-handicapping strategy is used in private conditions where the subject's behavior is not publicly known. A 2 (contingency of success) ×2 (selfinvolvement of task) ×2 (publicity of self-handicapping behavior) factorial design was used. 80 male undergraduates experienced (a) contingent or non-contingent successes in (b) high or low self-involvement tasks. While anticipating the second task, they were allowed to choose between tapes that would either enhance or inhibit their performance in (c) public or private conditions. Except for one condition, the result suggested that three situational factors, that is, non-contingent success, existence of audience, and high self-involvement task, promoted self-handicapping. Contrary to the prediction, subjects in private condition who experienced contingent successes in low self-involvement tasks were most likely to choose the debilitating tapes. This choice was interpreted not as self-handicapping because of the reasons they reported and the correlation between contingency perception and choice.View full abstractDownload PDF (1724K) -
SEIICHI SATO1993 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 52-59
Published: July 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: June 04, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study was undertaken to investigate the main and interactive effects of homeroom teachers' PM Leadership types on the class and individual student's levels on junior high school students' school morale. The data was 1119 students' ratings obtaind at 30 classes of four junior high schools. These ratings were used to decide the teachers' leadership types on the class and individual students' levels. The teachers were classified as PM-type if the average scores of the class and individual students exceeded the average P and M scores, pm-type if scores were below the average P and M scores, P-type if above the average scores only in P, and M-type if above the average scores only in M. The main results were: 1. The students' morale was the highest with the PM-type teachers both on the class and individual student's levels, followed by the M-type and P-type teachers in this order, and the lowest with the pm-type teachers. 2. The PM-and M-type students' morale was high in the PM-, M-, and pm-type groups, and P-and pm-type students' morale was low in the M-, P-, and pm-type groups.View full abstractDownload PDF (1215K) -
YUJI TSUBOTA1993 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 60-69
Published: July 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: June 04, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present research investigated the effect of causal attribution on social-comparison jealousy. A pilot study showed that causes attributed in jealousy-provoking situation were categorized in terms of the following three dimensions: internality, stability, and direction of cause. In study 1, 256 female students assessed the feelings of jealousy on six emotion adjectives in two hypothetical jealousy-provoking situations, in which the dimensions of cause were manupulated. The result showed that only the dimension of internality among the three dimensions was related to jealousy, i. e., social-comparison jealousy was aroused in greater degree the by external attribution than by internal attribution in two situations. In study 2, 57 female students participated and assessed their locus of control and strength of jealousy in the two situations. The result showed externals exhibited more jealousy than internals in one situation. These results suggest that external attribution causes social-comparison jealousy, but that the effect varies depending upon importance of situation.View full abstractDownload PDF (1314K) -
HIROMI FUKADA, YUHHUEY JOU1993 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 70-77
Published: July 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: June 04, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study was designed to investigate the evaluative characteristics of forewarning on persuasion. In this experiment, we manipulated forewarning by providing premessage information about the topic and position (TP-type forewarning), or the topic only (TO-type forewarning) of the upcoming communication. Five kinds of forewarnings were used: TP-type forewarnings with positive, negative and neutral evaluative characteristics, TO-type forewarning with neutral evaluative characteristics, and no forewarning. Subjects in the experimental conditions were forewarned or not forewarend before presentation of the communication. Subjects in the control condition were, however, exposed to neither forewarning nor communication.
Results showed that TP-type forewarning with negative evaluative characteristics produced resistance to persuasion, and increased psychological reactance in the overall period and counterarguments in the period between the forewarning and the communication. But, TP-type forewarning with positive evaluative characteristics did not indicate persuasion facilitating effect. Results in this study suggested that forewarnings with different evaluative characteristics might produce different effects on persuasion mediated by different psychological processes.View full abstractDownload PDF (1055K) -
SHIGEO SAKURAI1993 Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 78-84
Published: July 20, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: June 04, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study was conducted to construct a new self-report scale of self-monitoring for Japanese children and to examine the reliability and validity of the scale. Thirty-eight items in all were prepared for the self-monitoring (S-M) scale from the two different points of view according to Lennox and Wolfe (1984) 's concept of self-monitoring. They were administered to 201 fifth- and sixth-grade children together with a self-consciousness scale and personality inventory for measureing sociability and inferiority. Based upon results of factor analysis, a scale was constructed consisting of 20 items with 3 factors or subscales, i. e., information gathering, affiliation behavior, and conformity behavior. Correlational analyses reveal that only information gathering and affiliation behavior subscales have high reliability and validity.View full abstractDownload PDF (847K)
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