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Volume 46 (2007)
- Issue 2 Pages 103-
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Volume 46, Issue 2
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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Original Articles
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Ichiro Yatsuzuka2007 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 103-119
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSocial construction process of "volunteer" and "NPO" in Japan was investigated. Numbers of newspaper articles which include each two terms were increased year after year. Then author paid attention to the Japanese grammatical forms and made an attempt of "postpositional particle analysis", in which author computed how frequently these two words were used as the nominative case or the other cases. The frequency in use of the term "NPO" as the nominative case was relatively high ratio from first to last. In contrast, the frequency in use of the term "volunteer" as the nominative case was relatively declined after the Great Hanshin Earthquake 1995. These results suggest that "NPO" is now on the process of social construction but is flat and thin as a social reality. On the contrary, "volunteer" has changed in quality after the great disaster. "Volunteer" has increased its layers as the social reality and penetrated into our life world. Validity of postpositional particle analysis for the social representation research was discussed.
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Hiroaki Morio, Susumu Yamaguchi2007 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 120-132
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe current research utilizes the Mouse Paradigm (Vallacher & Nowak, 1994) to measure "dynamism" of the self-concept, or how the individual's self-evaluation fluctuates without external stimuli. This study examined the role of dynamism of the self-concept in the relationship between self-esteem and narcissism. Rosenberg's self-esteem scale, Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI), and the Mouse Paradigm were administered to 56 university students. The results showed that dynamism of the self-concept moderated the effect of self-esteem on narcissism. Those with high self-esteem showed higher scores on the NPI only when their dynamism in their self-concept is high. When their self-concept dynamism is low, high self-esteem did not lead to narcissism. The results of this study shows the importance of considering dynamic properties of the self when considering the relevance of self-esteem.
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Short Report
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Tomoko Hyugano, Takashi Oguchi2007 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 133-142
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study considered 'the situational sense of nigate' (which is characterized by uncomfortable feeling and apprehension in an interpersonal situation where people have to deal with awkward social situations) among students in the elementary school classroom. The main purpose of this study was to investigate whether there is a difference in the score of situational sense of nigate among two groups determined by sociometric status. Fourth, fifth, and sixth graders (102 boys and 96 girls) answered the questionnaire that consisted of the Situational Sense of Nigate Measure for Children, a measure of positive sociometric nominations, and personality scales. Three status groups of students (star, average, and isolate) were identified on the basis of positive sociometric nominations. The star group was significantly lower on the troublesomeness score of the situational sense of nigate than the isolate group. In addition, the situational sense of nigate showed significant positive correlation between 'shyness' and 'public self-consciousness'.
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SPECIAL ISSUE: RESEARCH IN GROUP DYNAMICS OF DIALOGUES
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Katsuya Yamori2007 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 143-145
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (379K)
Original Articles
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Dong Seop Park, Yuji Moro2007 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 146-161
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this essay, we discussed the applicability of Bakhtin's concept on dialogue for socio-psychological study. First, we briefly show the essence of Bakhtinian dialogism. Second, reviewing the recent trends of studies on learning and development, we found that the great deal of effort has been made on explicating the socio-cultural processes of learning and development. Also we found these two problems are key to understanding of socio-cultural process; the problem of dialogical organization of learning situation and the problem of repertoire of learning practice. And finally, we illustrated the applicability of Bahktinian dialogicality, through children's interaction data on play activity and collaborative problem solving.
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Masako Morishita2007 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 162-172
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study employs the notion of "resonance" to explore what fieldwork really means. The term "resonance" here is used to refer to the constantly-evolving, co-constructed interrelationship that is observed between the researcher and his or her "field." Such resonance is not necessarily harmonious; rather it may be seen as involving a set of complex and inherently political cooperative practices. These both shape and are shaped by the clashes and conflicts between researcher and field, as well as the mutual transformations each provokes. Employing this notion, I discuss with reference to my own fieldwork experiences: (a) how "fieldwork" and the "field" should be understood; (b) what transformations are gone through in the course of fieldwork; (c) how field entry is crucial in defining various significant boundaries; and (d) how changes in the positioning of those involved in the field (for example, volunteers, city officials, researchers assisting students learning Japanese as a second language, etc.) can provide revealing insights. Fieldwork is demonstrated to be a mutual learning experience, where problems hindering learning are dealt with and realistic solutions put forward through the cooperative efforts of all concerned.
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Masakuni Tagaki2007 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 173-184
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of this research is to examine the ideal way of managing the residents' meeting-for drafting policies for the disabled people-as an action research step and to consider methodological issues. This is a case study of a residents' meeting in a certain municipal city. The author is a key member who established and managed the meeting. The intervention of the author in all the processes was structured in the form of remarks, handouts, and e-mails. Most of the initial aims of the meeting were not met. The major causes for this failure were lack of sharing of the aims among members, insufficiency of resources, and lack of coordination between the local officer, the chairman, and the author. The key learning here was that the aims and the main member's role should be clearly defined, and the person in charge should know the method of conference management. The role of the researcher is to encourage the residents' meaning about their issues. For example researcher should collect opinions and explicitly communicate even the obvious ideas or those that the members cannot describe clearly. The methodologically, researchers should keep contact record to the field. This will help in clarifying the context of the fieldwork, and social circulation of practice record. Moreover, it also helps in reducing the research time and narrowing the scope of the research such that knowledge gained from this can be utilized in other contexts.
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Naoko Takano, Tomohide Atsumi2007 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 185-197
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study is the examination of telling The Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake to the next generation in a public place. Authors conducted fieldwork at Disaster Reduction and Human Renovation Institution in Kobe. In our fieldwork, we found out that occasionally what narrators wanted to tell was different from what audiences considered as Kobe Earthquake. We called the difference the rips of the dialogue. Especially, we defined it as the rips from the difference between public stories of the earthquake and those of private. We mentioned that it would cause contingency to audiences and examined the significance of it in a public place. Besides, as a practical suggestion, we stated that 'mediator' should be introduced to cause contingency more frequently and promote remembering.
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Katsuya Yamori2007 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 198-210
Published: 2007
Released on J-STAGE: September 05, 2007
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new form of dialogue named "sustainable dialogue" is proposed in the face of an increasing need for better communication between the general public and experts in various science and technology fields such as disaster reduction, medical sciences, and civil engineering. The goal of sustainable dialogue is to secure the continuous joint efforts by both experts and the public toward better solutions without settling into a static condition. This type of dialogue is sharply contrasted with the preexisting, more static dialogues; "dialogue for one-way knowledge transfer" and "dialogue for consensus-making." The paper introduces a gaming approach, called "Crossroad: Kobe," as an example of practical media to realize sustainable dialogue between disaster experts and local citizens, as well as between those who experienced a disaster and those who did not. The advantage of the gaming procedure is also discussed theoretically from the perspective of Luhmann's risk theory.
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