Visual cortical neurons selectively respond to particular features of visual stimuli and response selectivity emerges from specific neuronal connections. Previously, it is demonstrated that multiple fine-scale networks of precisely interconnected layer 2/3 (L2/3) pyramidal neurons are embedded in rat visual cortex. We investigated the effects of early visual experience on the development of individual synaptic connections and fine-scale networks in rat visual cortical slices. We demonstrated that patterned vision is required for the emergence of the fine-scale network, whereas diffuse light stimulation is sufficient for the maturation of individual synapses, suggesting that early visual experience is critical for the normal development of visual cortex.
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