In our department, many cases with thoracic injury were treated. Here are reported some of them, in whom the course of disease was followed up, In association with this, some relevant literatures were surveyd. and our own view was expressed.
1) A patient with open pulmonary injury, caused by a fragment of an exploded blind shell, entering the left upper lobe of the lung, was hospitalized, In his pleural cavity was deposited 3, 500 cc of sanguineous exudate.
2) A patient had in the lung a common shell for a long time, and developed clinical symptoms about 10 years after the incidence. Operarion discovered a shell in the left lower lobe.
3) A patient had a closed pulmonary injury caused by collision with an automobile, He was in the state of shock, and the lung capacity could not be determined. There was no damage in the pleura at a fractured end of a rip, and a trauma was found in the left upper lobe and on the hilar side of the left upper lobe.

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1. A crude enzyme preparation from Bac. fulminans or from Bac. cereus O(H) contained O(H) -and Le^b-decomposing enzymes, and when applied on an O(H), Le (a±b+) substsnce, destroyed O(H) and Le^b activity together with enhancing Le^a activity. But when applied on an O(H), Le (a±b-) substance, it only destroyed O(H) activity without enhancing Le^a activity, However, when the O(H), Le (a±b+) substance was incubated with purified preparation from Bac. fulminans, which contained only the O(H) -decomposing enzyme, abolishment of O(H) activity alone was observed, but not enhancement of Le^a activity. These results seem to indicate that from a precursor substance are individually developed O(H) and Le^a substance, and on the basis of Le^a subsfance is formed Le^b substance.
However, when the crude enzyme preparation from Bac. fulminans or from Bac. cereus O(H) was applied on OLe (a-b+) red cells, it was difficult to recognize appearance of Le^a activity, though O(H) and Le^b activity were abolished.
2. When the A-decomposing enzyme from Cl. tertium and the B decomposing enzyme from Cl. maebashi were applied on A and B substance or red cells with Le^bactivity respectively, slight increase in Le^b activity was observed together with enhancement of O(H) activity, When AB substance or AB red cells were incubated with both the A- and B-decomposing enzymes, these were transformed into a substance or red cells having O(H) activity nearly to the same degree as that of O(H) substance or O red cells.

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1. Venom of Habu snake, Sakishima-habu snake, Hime-habu snake and Mamushi snake were intramuscularly injected into mice, and produced local lesions were compared one another. Further, in vitro test was performed on neutralizing action of α-thiolactoylglycine Naagainst these venoms.
2. All the snake venoms produced acute myodegeneration and necrosis in addition to local hemorrhage, but the venoms of Habu and Sakishima-habu were most virulent, producing, even in a minute dose, lysis and necrosis of muscle fibers. The lesion by the Hime-habu snake venom was mainly hemorrhage, and coagulation necrosis of muscle fibers was observed only in sites of especially severe hemorrhage, which was produced by a dose of above 250γ. Main lesions by the Mamushi snake venom were coagulation and segmentation in all the cases, and myolitic change was relatively slight.
3. Hemorrhagic action of all the snake venom was lost by heating at 100°C for 10 minutes.
4. Hemorrhagic action of all the venoms was inhibited by α-thiolactoylglycine Na, but hemorrhage neutralizing dose of it could not depress edema and myolysis produced by the venoms, of Habu Sakishima-habu, To depress the local lesions produced by heated venoms from these snakes, a sufficiently large dose of this chemical was necessary.
5. From these results of lesions and their neutralization, it was clarified that the above mentioned snake venoms can be divided into two-one causes hemorrhage, accompanied by myodegeration and the other causes myodegeneration, accompanied by interstitial edema. The former was heatlabile, and easily neutralized with SH preparations, while the latter was heatstable, and relatively weakly neutralized with SH preparations.

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