Journal of The Japanese Society for Quality Control
Online ISSN : 2432-1044
Print ISSN : 0386-8230
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Volume 27, Issue 4
Displaying 1-21 of 21 articles from this issue
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Activity Report of Research Section
Research Papers
Contributed Paper
  • Studies on Principles of Countermeasures for Minor-stoppages
    Shu-Wen CHANG
    Article type: Contributed Paper
    1997 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages 98-107
    Published: October 15, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: January 26, 2019
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20684/quality.27.4_98
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    Recently many factories are introducing automatic equipment in order to improve productivity and to achieve low cost products. Minor-stoppages are one of the problems that hinder automatic productions. Know-hows of countermeasures for preventing minor-stoppages obtained through individual improvement are not generalized even though there are many case studies with investigations on each of the minor-stoppages. This paper tries to generalize principles of countermeasures for minor-stoppages that are obtained through collections and analyses of many actual cases. Analyses are based on the model of the mechanisms of minor-stoppages that has been proposed by Shu-Wen Chang. As a result, 7 fundamental principles of countermeasures for minor-stoppages are obtained. They are 1) elimination, 2) justification of specification, 3) recovery of performance, 4) isolation of abnormality, 5) relief of influence of causes, 6) relief of influence of 'deviations from working conditions' and 7) relief of influence of 'failure in working function'. These results help analysts to consider countermeasures for minor-stoppage easily and effectively.
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  • Effective Cause & Effect Analysis of Failure Modes Using the Failure Mode Mechanism Diagram
    Kyung-Hun JEONG, Yoshinori IIZUKA
    Article type: Contributed Paper
    1997 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages 108-116
    Published: October 15, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: January 26, 2019
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20684/quality.27.4_108
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    The cause and effect analysis of failure modes in FMEA, as well as prediction of failure modes, is important for the effective implementation of EMEA. If these analyses are not done accurately, it will not be possible to achieve the eventual purpose of FMEA, the prevention of failures. In this paper, we study problems on cause and effect analysis of failure modes, and propose the Failure Mode Mechanism Diagram (FMM Diagram). The FMM Diagram represents the causes (occurrence mechanism) and effects (influence mechanism) of a failure mode in tree structure. It will make it possible to study cause and effect chains of the failure mode in systematic way. We have also verified the effectiveness of the proposal through implementation of FMEA in a design group which developed a component of a car.
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  • Effects of Correlation Between Explanatory Variables in the Linear Calibration Problem
    Shu YAMADA
    Article type: Contributed Paper
    1997 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages 117-124
    Published: October 15, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: January 26, 2019
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20684/quality.27.4_117
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    The ordinary estimation in linear regression is an estimation of mean response based on the level of explanatory variables. On the other hand, the problem of maximization of response variable by explanatory variables is an estimation of the level of explanatory variables. The problem can be described as a linear calibration problem. It is well-known that the existence of correlation between explanatory variables on the collected data brings the worse precision of the estimations in linear regression. However, the arguments on effects of correlation mainly focused on the ordinary estimation. This paper considers effects of correlation between explanatory variables in the linear calibration problem. Specifically, two criteria for the evaluation of the effects are determined and formulated as a function of correlation matrix of explanatory variables. The lower and upper bounds for the effects on the criteria are derived by the maximum and minimum eigen values of the correlation matrix respectively. since the bounds have a quite similar form with the case of ordinary estimation, the effects of the correlation between explanatory variables can be evaluated by an integrated way. Finally, an example to the actual data is shown to demonstrate the understanding of the lower and upper bounds.
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Technical Note
  • Estimated Linear Graphs and The Way to Use
    Masami MIYAKAWA
    Article type: Technical Note
    1997 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages 125-131
    Published: October 15, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: January 26, 2019
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20684/quality.27.4_125
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    Taguchi's linear graphs are useful for planning fractional factorial experiments that allow unconfounded estimation of all main effects and some specified interaction effects under the assumption that all unspecified interaction effects are negligible. In Taguchi's approach of using linear graphs, we construct a required linear graph based on the list of specified effects, firstly. Secondly, we select a standard linear graph and modify the selected graph to match the required linear graph. In this paper, we propose the construction of estimated linear graphs which represent the significant effects estimated from ANOVA. It is shown that some Markov properties which hold in the undirected independence graphs are applicable to the estimated linear graphs. The way to search the optimum setting of the factors effectively by using the Markov properties of the graphs is also investigated.
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Survey and Field Study
  • An Empirical Investigation on Commonness in Essential Required Quality Items between Purposes of Buying Products
    Takeshi NAKAJO
    Article type: Survey and Field Study
    1997 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages 132-140
    Published: October 15, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: January 26, 2019
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20684/quality.27.4_132
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    This paper categorizes purposes of buying products into three types, and then identifies which quality items users consider essential when they buy products for each purpose. An investigation on the five products and nineteen quality items using five-ranks-evaluation method was conducted and the commonness-between-purposes in essential required quality items were analyzed and discussed. As a result, it was found that the purpose affects the essential required items and the degree of its effects depends on the type of product. It was also found that the purpose affects the evaluation factors which can be used for summarizing essential required item evaluation data as much as user's characteristics, and the degree of its effects does not depend on the type of product.
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  • Quality System Standards according to Factory Characteristics
    Touru KANAI, Humihiko NAKAMURA, Takeshi NAKAJO
    Article type: Survey and Field Study
    1997 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages 141-149
    Published: October 15, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: January 26, 2019
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20684/quality.27.4_141
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    ISO 9000 series have been the International Standards for ten years, with many Japanese companies applying to the quality system certification programs based on these standards. However, it is difficult to satisfy requirements of these standards for software and service industries because ISO 9000 series are developed mainly for assembly industry. More ever, it is regarded as an issue whether scale of companies has effects on marking quality system. In this study, Difficulties in the implementation and interpretation of ISO 9001were surveyed for the companies that have ISO 9000 series certificates, and then the relationship between these difficulties and type of industries/ scale of companies. As a results, it was founded that the difficulties in implementation depend on type of industries but not scale of companies.
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  • A Study of Quality System Documentation Based on ISO 9000 Series
    Fumiyuki SANADA, Takeshi NAKAJO
    Article type: Survey and Field Study
    1997 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages 150-159
    Published: October 15, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: January 26, 2019
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20684/quality.27.4_150
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    This paper investigated quality system documentation methods and their associated problems in the companies registered based on ISO 9000 series, and then tried to identify relationships between them. According to results, it was found many problems occurred with quality system procedures and operation procedures, the major problems were "man-hours for distributing/ updating documents,""incorrect updates of documents" and "documents not used because of their not-understandable contents," and their occurrence rates were affected by documentation methods i. e., structure, numbers and media types of documents.
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Applied Research
Contributed Article
  • Reconsideration of VE Equation and Deployment of Quality Concept
    Toshiyuki MOCHIMOTO
    Article type: Contributed Article
    1997 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages 182-193
    Published: October 15, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: January 26, 2019
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20684/quality.27.4_182
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    The Japanese VE (Value Engineering) has traditionally contributed to the reduction of production cost through versatile VE activities. This VE is based on the well-know value equation "Value(V) =Function(F)/Cost(C)",in which Value(V) is given a specific definition. The definition of Value(V),through specific,will pose no problem in actual VE activities so long as Fucntion(F) is evaluated by the monetary value scale. The definition of value in the equation, however, requires reconsideration if Function(F) and Cost(C) are expressed not by monetary scale but by some other indies, especially for a product in the mature market. This is because Value(V) in the equation is simply a ratio between the value in use and the value in exchange. In this paper, I will attempt to show the real meaning of Value,Quality,Function, Cost, Price, etc. and how this ratio (V) should be re-definded. In fact, the ratio(V) means quality coefficient Q<__=1.0 which shows the non-price comparative advantage of a product. This paper will also introduce a method of Quality Deployment for Market Pricing named "QDm".
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  • Reexamination of TQM to enrich corporation activity -Examination from Thinking Ways of Philosophy-
    Hideo KUNISAWA
    Article type: Contributed Article
    1997 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages 194-204
    Published: October 15, 1997
    Released on J-STAGE: January 26, 2019
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20684/quality.27.4_194
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    This paper reexamines major three subjects in TQM, product planning for customer satisfaction, its development and production, and activation of workers. For the purpose insights obtained from conventional philosophies are applied and efficient ways of thinking are derived and proposed for the respective subjects. And in particular the importance of abduction is stressed. Finally some validity of the proposed framework is shown through the case studies.
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