Journal of The Japanese Society for Quality Control

Design review should be utilized as an important tool of design management. In this paper, fundamental functions of DR are considered from the metacognitive point of view and concrete methodologies of solving present issues of DR are introduced. We show that DR is "an field of accelerating metacognition for interactions between designers' and reviewers' view" and that design view plays very inportant roles in their interactions. Secondly, how to form designer's view is studied and it is revealed that designer's view cause not only complementary but also symmetric interactions and is necessary and essential to find out bottle neck engineerings early in the new product development. In the last, it is clarified that DR has close relations to process capabilities through knowledge dynamics and plays important roles in heightening organizational capabilities of which base is knowledge design.

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Consider the case where both a quality response and explanatory variables including states of environment, materials, treatments and intermediate variables are observed as continuous variables in process analysis. The causal diagram with a linear structural equation model can be used to describe the relationships among both the response and the explanatory variables. Some treatment may be set to level by external intervention in order to control the response. The primary aim of this paper is to show how the recent developments in statistical inference for the effect of intervention can be utilized for process analysis. It is shown that application of the theory gives valuable suggestions about the selection of explanatory variables in ordinary regression analysis. The effect of intervention for variance of the response is also investigated.

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An alternative analysis method to the conventional analysis of variance is proposed for the problem of identifying active factors in two-level orthogonal arrays. The sums of squares calculated are arranged in ascending order, as S(1)≤S(2)≤S(3)≤・・・≤S(n). Assuming the least sum of squares, S(1)is inactive, i.e.having zero effect, the next candidate of inactive sum of squares, S(2)is tested. The following sums of squares, S(i)'s, i=3, ・・・, n, are successively tested by the pooled inactive sums of squares, on the condition that S(2), ・・・, S(i-1)are not significant at the preceding tests. The significant level of each test α_s is set the same value and the overall risk of the first kind of the whole procedure α_T is controlled to 1%, 5%, 10% or 20%. The critical value at each step empirically obtained for L₈, L₁₂,L₁₆ orthogonal designs by the Monte Carlo method. The critical values are validated by Monte Carlo experiments. The proposed method in illustrated with some examples.

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Recently, many companies are establishing their own quality systems using ISO 9000 series. Some of these companies, however, decrease their changeability, e.g., the number of revised standards. As a countermeasure for suppressing this side-effects, some researchers proposed to integrate ISO 9000 series and Total Quality Management which is a methodology for improvement and innovation. This paper investigated ISO 9000 registered companies and Deming-prize awarded companies, and then identified the effects of ISO 9000 and TQM activities on organization's standard revising rate, the number of problems aolved by managers/staff personnel, the number of themes sovled by QC circles, standard observing rate, and the number of abnormality. According to results, internal audit focusing appropriateness of the system, policy management, and QC training increase organization's changeability(standard revising rate and the number of problems solved by managers/staff personnel), with standardization training and level-up of standardization activities increasing organization stability(standard observing rate).

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