Journal of The Japanese Society for Quality Control
Online ISSN : 2432-1044
Print ISSN : 0386-8230
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Volume 52, Issue 3
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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Report of Research Group
Overview of the Lecture
  • Co-creation of Value and Safety of Automated Vehicle in Shared Space
    Makoto ITOH
    Article type: Overview of the Lecture
    2022 Volume 52 Issue 3 Pages 141-145
    Published: July 15, 2022
    Released on J-STAGE: December 13, 2022
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20684/quality.52.3_141
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    　Social implementation of automated vehicles is becoming one of important issues even for quality control experts in terms of social quality. One of the most realistic applications is mobility services with low-speed automated driving. Since such low-speed automated vehicles will closely interact with pedestrians and other vulnerable road users, the concept of shared space plays an important role.The author points out that the issue of shared space with automated vehicles is slightly different from the one of ordinal shared space, i.e., the novel shared space with automated vehicles is the change from the square to the shared space. The author has been working on wide varieties of issues related to shared space including road surface design, risk assessment and pedestrian behavior analyses. This paper briefly review our activities for co-creation of the value and the safety of shared space with automated vehicles.
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  • Criticism by a Young Quality Control Engineer： Quality Control Case Reports and Future Quality Control
    Takehiro KOMODA
    Article type: Overview of the Lecture
    2022 Volume 52 Issue 3 Pages 146-150
    Published: July 15, 2022
    Released on J-STAGE: December 13, 2022
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20684/quality.52.3_146
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    　The author, a young quality control engineer, has studied statistical quality control and learned the basics of quality control and statistical methods. This article presents the author's research at Tokyo Institute of Technology and two cases that the author experienced as a quality control engineer at Toyota Motor Corporation. The first case shows the importance of considering statistical distribution when analyzing data. The other case illustrates the importance of monitoring not out of specification but out of control.These cases show the basics that the author had learned are useful in solving problems. However, the basics are not widely established. This article argues that we have to rebuild our culture that emphasizes the basics.
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Reportage
Research Papers
Contributed Peaper
  • The Integrated Estimator of the Total Effect using the Effect Restoration Method and the Conditional Instrumental Variable Method
    Tomoki HIGASHIKAWA, Chie TAGUCHI, Manabu KUROKI, Masami MIYAKAWA
    Article type: Contributed Peaper
    2022 Volume 52 Issue 3 Pages 165-177
    Published: July 15, 2022
    Released on J-STAGE: December 13, 2022
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20684/quality.52.3_165
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    　When cause-effect relationships in the process can be described by a linear structural equation model and the corresponding directed acyclic graph, this paper considers a situation where both the conditional instrumental variable method and the effect restoration method are applicable to estimating the total effect. In this situation, generally, there is no qualitative superiority/inferiority relationships between these two estimation methods in terms of the estimation accuracy of the total effect. Taking this into account, in order to estimate the total effect with better estimation accuracy, we propose a novel integrated estimator based on these two estimation methods. In addition, through numerical experiments, from the viewpoint of the estimation accuracy of the total effect, we show that ( i ) the integrated estimator is better than the individual estimators, and ( ii ) in some situations,the integrated estimator is better than the ordinary least squares ( OLS ) estimator even when the OLS estimator is better than the individual estimators.
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  • Test of Equality of Signal-to-Noise Ratio of Unknown Signal System
    Masami MIYAKAWA, Chie TAGUCHI
    Article type: Contributed Peaper
    2022 Volume 52 Issue 3 Pages 178-185
    Published: July 15, 2022
    Released on J-STAGE: December 13, 2022
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20684/quality.52.3_178
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    　This paper deals with statistical comparison between two measurement units with unknown signal. First, we consider the case where different signals are assigned to two units. Secondly , we deal with the case where the same signals are assigned to two units and as a result , two-way tables of signal and noise are dependent. The test statistic is non-central F variate , and we use the variance stabilizing transformation . The numerical experiments show that realized significant levels are slightly conservative , and the powers of the dependent case have larger values than independent case .
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Survey and Field Sutudy Paper
  • Study on Customer Needs Survey Using Online Community： Relationships between a Way of Facilitation and the Obtained Needs
    Gaku HOMMA, Takeshi NAKAJO
    Article type: Survey and Field Sutudy Paper
    2022 Volume 52 Issue 3 Pages 186-195
    Published: July 15, 2022
    Released on J-STAGE: December 13, 2022
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20684/quality.52.3_186
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    　This paper focused on the needs survey where an online community is created and a survey equivalent to a group interview is conducted in order to understand the latent needs for a product or service, conducted multiple experiments with different conditions, analyzed the relationship between the facilitation method and the specificity of the obtained needs, and investigated an effective facilitation method to obtain deeper needs. As the result, it was found that even in online community surveys, it is effective to consider a model in which the facilitator’s remarks influence the participants’ remarks, and by analyzing these participants’ remarks, more specific needs can be obtained. In addition, it was found that a facilitator should draw out the remarks that broaden the contents of participants’ remarks by asking questions to the participants as a whole or individuals about their experiences, and should change the facilitation method depending on whether one targets a tangible good requiring specialized knowledge to use or an intangible service not requiring it, and the community should be operated under the conditions where personal information such as the gender and age of the participants is revealed.
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Applied Rsearch Paper
Quality Report
  • Relationships Between Design Faults due to Lack of Knowledge/ Skills and Education/ Training Efforts for Engineers：A Case Study on Software Development
    Haruhito SHINKAI, Takeshi NAKAJO
    Article type: Quality Report
    2022 Volume 52 Issue 3 Pages 199-209
    Published: July 15, 2022
    Released on J-STAGE: December 13, 2022
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20684/quality.52.3_199
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    　In the development of products and services, it is an important issue to prevent design faults due to lack of knowledge/skills of engineers in charge of design. This paper determined a model for systematically grasping the relationships among design faults, knowledge/skills required for design, and education/training for engineers in charge of design, and then takes software development as an example and investigated the relationships between these three elements in 24 organizations. As a result, it was shown that the ratio of design faults due to lack of knowledge/skills is high in requirement definition/external design but not low in internal design, the relationships among design faults, lack of knowledge/skills and education/training are highly common between requirements definition/ external design and internal design, as well as among organizations with different scales and business contents. It was also shown that education/training that should be strengthened in the future can be discussed by examining those relationships and the current state of design faults.
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  • Proposal of a Procedure for Small Business to Analyze Causes of New Product Development Failure
    Shun OKADA, Takeshi NAKAJO
    Article type: Quality Report
    2022 Volume 52 Issue 3 Pages 210-218
    Published: July 15, 2022
    Released on J-STAGE: December 13, 2022
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20684/quality.52.3_210
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    　Methods such as T-type Matrix and Progress Review Table have been used to analyze root causes of failure in new product development. It is, however, difficult for small companies to use these methods because they have few development cases. This paper focused on the few development cases that make it difficult for small companies to analyze the causes of failure in new product development and proposed a new procedure that identifies causes of the failure to prevent recurrence by delving into a single case. This procedure describes three process flows: the “ implemented flow ” that corresponds to failure cases, the “ benchmarking flow ” that corresponds to success cases and the “general flow” that corresponds to common new product development flow applied in the organization, and then identifies causes of failure by comparing these flows from the upstream to the downstream and listing all process gaps and their causes.
    　This procedure was applied to the case of company A and compared with a conventional method, i.e., Progress Review Table that has closest properties. As the results, it has been shown that even in a single development case, the proposed procedure has the same effects as using plural cases to identify common causes behind them, and when compared with Progress Review Table, gets more causes and improvements and make it easier to delve into causes and to embody improvements.
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