Several reports have recently been accumulated (Refiner and Goodman, 1955; Hunter and Butler, 1956; Kramer and Straub, 1956), that the RNA extracted either from induced or the enzyme-containing cells can bestow on non-induced cells the capacity to form the inducible enzyme. These results suggest that a specific RNA preformed can participate in the synthesis of a specific protein. On the other hand, chloramphenicol (CM) inhibited protein but not nucleic acids synthesis in E. coli (Wisseman et al., 1954) . And the RNA synthesized in the presence of CM was stabilized when the cells were washed to remove CM and resuspended in a complete medium containing amino acids (Aronson and Spiegelman, 1958; Horiuchi et al., 1958) . It seems to be possible that the RNA synthesized in the presence of CM is capable to form some enzymes or to accerelate protein formation during the process of this resuspension.
In this report, we tested whether or not the RNA synthesized in the presence of CM participates in the formation of β-galactosidase (induced enzyme formation system), alkaline phosphomonoesterase (repressed enzyme formation system) and of non-specific protein (constitutive protein formation system) . The results showed that the RNA did not participate in the formation of these enzymes and of the protein. A preliminary account of this paper was reported previously (Horiuchi et al., 1957) .

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The seven possible mechanisms of drug resistance which Davis listed up (Davis and Maas, 1952) can be summarized into the following three: (I) Alteration of metabolic pathways, including the possibility of increased production of metabolites which antagonize the drug. (II) Increased destruction of the drug, including increased production of inactivators of the drug. (III) Changes in the permeability of the cell (or of subcellular units) to the inhibitor.
Attempts have been carried out in a series of works to elucidate the above alternative possibilities concerning CM resistance, using two CM resistant strains of E, coli derived from two different strains. In this report, at first, in relation to the possibility (I), the sensitivity of the cells to CM in the population of CM-resistant as well as sensitive strains was examined by the method of Treffers (1956) . The two resistant strains used showed cross resistance to Pn, AM, and EM, but were as sensitive to SM as the parent strains. This cross resistance was also examined by the same method. It was shown that the slopes of resitant strains was in most cases identical with those of the sensitive strains.
Secondly, the possibility (II) (inactivation of the drug) in CM resistance was also examined in this paper, using the inhibitory activity of CM to β-galactosidase formation after the contact of the drug with CM-resistant strains. The results obtained will suggest that the remaining possibility (III) may be an important factor of mechanism of resistance of the CMR strains used.
As to the possibility (I), (the alteration of metabolic pathways and other mechanisms), further studies will be presented in the following papers.

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As was suggested in the first report of this series of work (Okamoto, 1959a), the CM resistance of E. coli may depend, at least partly, on the permeability of the resistant cell. Our CM resistant strains of E. coli are also non-specifically resistant to penicillin (Pn), chlortetracyline (AM) and erythromycin (EM) . If CM resistance originates from the non-specific impermeability of the resistant cells and, consequently, some alterations have occurred on the surface of such cells, influences on the resistance to CM and on those to three other drugs should be concomitant with each other. Attempts were made, therefore to test whether or not sensitivities will be altered more or less simultaneously, when the resistant cells convert to a form of the protoplast. Glycine treated protoplast was used in this report.

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In a series of investigations with CM-resistant strains of E. coli, we have considered the mechanism of resistance as relevant to the following three possibilities: (I) alteration of metabolism, (II) inactivation of CM, and (III) changes in the permeability. Investigations were made on the possibilities (II) and (III) in the preceding papers (Okamoto, 1959a; Hirokawa et al., 1959) . The present report is concerned with the possibility (I) .
The primary action of CM on bacterial cells is known to be an inhibition of protein biosynthesis (Wisseman et al., 1954) . Obviously, however, CMR strain can synthesize protein and produce induced enzyme in the presence of CM. If CMR cells escape from the action of CM by altering its metabolism according to the possibility (I), it might be expected that the protein (s) synthesized by CMR cells differ (s) from that synthesized by sensitive cells. In an attempt to elucidate this possibility we examined and compared the following two properties of bacterial proteins; (1) the electrophoretical pattern of the induced enzyme β-galactosidase formed by sensitive and CMR strains, (2) the total amino acid composition of the bacterial cells of both strains. Contrary to the above expectation, no significant difference was observed in these properties between the sensitive and resistant strains.

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The monostome cercaria from fresh water snails, Semisulcospira spp. in Japan has often been observed briefly by many Japanese investigators (Osafune, 1899; Miyagawa, 1911; Nakagawa, 1915; Kobayashi, 1922; Ueno et al., 1930; and Yokogawa et al., 1934) . This monostome cercaria had been known to encyst on a slide glass or in a glass container and develop to a member of Notocotylidae. Later on Kurokawa (1935) infected fowl or duck with its metacercaria, and succeeded in obtaining the adult form, which was erroneously identified as Notocotylus attenuatus (Rudolphi, 1809) . After that, the above mentioned Kurokawa's error was pointed out and corrected by Yamaguti (1938), according to whom the monostome cercaria from Semisulcospira spp. developed to Notocotylus magniovatus and not N. attenuatus.
In spite of many such reports, no detailed morphology of this cercaria had been described. The author has obtained one species of monostome cercariae from the snails, Semisulcospira spp, in several areas in Japan. This monostome cercaria encysted easily in a glass container. Twenty days old many metacercariae were given to a fowl, and 15 adult worms were discovered from its caecum two weeks after infection. They were identified as N. magniovatus as shown by Yamaguti (1938) .
In the present paper a detailed morphology of this cercaria is presented.

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The metachromatic mucoid glands in various cercariae have been studied morphologi-cally and histochemically by Kruidenier (1951, 1953 a-d), Yokogawa and Yoshimura (1956) and Ito and Watanabe (1957, 1958 a, b) .
The present authors had an opportunity of getting the cercaria of Notocotylus magniovatus from the suburbs of Shizuoka City. No report of the mucoid gland of this cercaria has ever been published by any of the investigators. So the present paper deals with our observations about the mucoid glands of the cercaria.

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Puck and his colleagues (1956, 1957) classified tissue-cultured cells into 2 types, epithelioid (Ep) and fibroblast-like (Fb) cells, and reported that their morphological features were constant through many passages so that they could be supposed to be under genetic control. The HeLa strain derived from a human cervical carcinoma (Gey et al., 1952) is a typical cell line belonging to Ep-type of Puck. Observations on the stock culture of HeLa revealed a diversity of the cell shape inclusive of some of Fb-type. It gives rise to a question whether the transformation from Ep-type to Fb-type is possible. Vogt et al. (1958) reported that a mutant resistant to polio virus which occurred among HeLa cells had a morphology of fusiform and suggested the possibility mentioned above.
In the previous report (Yamada et al., 1958), the changes in physiological activities of HeLa cells were pursued following their growth. It was observed that the endogenous respiration was most active in an early stage of cultivation and later the anaerobic glycolysis increased as the former decreased. The possibility was suggested that tissue culture might play the rôle of environmental factor to select cells with a high glycolytic activity. In order to better effectuate this selection, a culture of HeLa cells was exposed to a prolonged cultivation as will be described later. A new cell line obtained by the prolonged cultivation showed a high glycolytic activity and, at the same time, a special cell morphology of spindle-like or Fb-type, different from Ep-type representing the stock culture.
The present paper deals with the process of the isolation of the variant, its morphological features and other properties. The morphological characters were durable, suggesting the genetic traits. The appearance of the new cell type was supposed, by scrutinizing the properties of the colonial clones, to be due to the spontaneous mutation and selection.

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As for the nature of the antigen of the Middlebrook-Dubos haemagglutination reaction. (M-D reaction) (Middlebrook and Dubos, 1949), reports have accumulated to point out that it is generally considered to be of polysaccharide nature.
Boyden and collaborators (1956, 1957) reported that the antigen of the M-D reaction, α-haemosensitin, was present in heated and unheated culture filtrates of human type tubercle bacilli and it contained 90% of a polysaccharide. An active polysaccharide as the antigen could also be isolated from tubercle bacilli by Földes (1955, 1957) .
At the present, the M-D antigen can be tentatively defined as such: (a) It is a polysaccharide component found in culture filtrates as well as in tubercle bacilli. (b) It is easily adsorbed onto the surface of red cells without any pretreatment. (c) Red cells coated with the antigen agglutinate in the presence of anti-mycobacterial sera.
However, difficulties in the isolation and in the purification of the antigen prevent to characterize it with certainty chemically as well as serologically. The present attempt is directed, therefore, to isolate the antigen from human type tubercle bacilli, Aoyama B strain, and to purify it by means of zone electrophoresis and ultracentrifugation.

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