巻号一覧
54 巻 (2014)
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54 巻, 3 号
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Serial Review
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Introduction to serial reviews: Oxidative stress biomarker and its application to health maintenanceYasukazu Yoshida原稿種別: Serial Review
2014 年 54 巻 3 号 p. 137
発行日: 2014年
公開日: 2014/05/01
[早期公開] 公開日: 2014/04/09ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (82K) -
Yoshiro Saito原稿種別: Review
2014 年 54 巻 3 号 p. 138-144
発行日: 2014年
公開日: 2014/05/01
[早期公開] 公開日: 2014/04/09ジャーナル フリーParkinson’s disease is a progressive, age-related, neurodegenerative disorder, and oxidative stress is an important mediator in its pathogenesis. DJ-1 is a causative gene of a familial form of Parkinson’s disease, namely PARK7, and plays a significant role in antioxidative defense to protect the cells from oxidative stress. DJ-1 undergoes preferential oxidation at the cysteine residue at position 106, Cys-106, under oxidative stress. The critical role of Cys-106 in the biological function of DJ-1 has been demonstrated, and recent studies indicate that DJ-1 acts as a sensor of oxidative stress by regulating the gene expression of antioxidative defense. Specific antibodies against Cys-106-oxidized DJ-1 have been developed, and the generation of oxidized DJ-1 in cellular and animal models of Parkinson’s disease has been investigated. This review focuses on the role of DJ-1 in antioxidative defense and the importance of oxidizable Cys-106 in its function. The significance of the identification of early-phase Parkinson’s disease biomarkers and the nature of oxidized DJ-1 as a biomarker for Parkinson’s disease are discussed here.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1145K) -
Yoshichika Kawai原稿種別: Serial Review
2014 年 54 巻 3 号 p. 145-150
発行日: 2014年
公開日: 2014/05/01
[早期公開] 公開日: 2014/04/12ジャーナル フリーEpidemiological and experimental studies suggest that the consumption of flavonoid-rich diets decreases the risk of various chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases. Although studies on the bioavailability of flavonoids have been well-characterized, the tissue and cellular localizations underlying their biological mechanisms are largely unknown. The development and application of novel monoclonal antibodies revealed that macrophages could be the major target of dietary flavonoids in vivo. Using macrophage-like cell lines in vitro, we examined the molecular basis of the interaction between the macrophages and flavonoids, especially the glucuronide metabolites. We have found that extracellular β-glucuronidase secreted from macrophages is essential for the bioactivation of the glucuronide conjugates into the aglycone, and that the enzymatic activity, which requires an acidic pH, is promoted by the increased secretion of lactate in response to the mitochondrial dysfunction. This review describes our recent findings indicating the molecular mechanisms responsible for the anti-inflammatory activity of dietary flavonoids within the inflammation sites. We propose that the extracellular activity of β-glucuronidase associated with the status of the mitochondrial function in the target cells might be important biomarkers for the specific sites where the glucuronides of dietary flavonoids can act as anti-atherosclerotic and anti-inflammatory agents in vivo.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (666K) -
Mototada Shichiri原稿種別: Serial Review
2014 年 54 巻 3 号 p. 151-160
発行日: 2014年
公開日: 2014/05/01
[早期公開] 公開日: 2014/04/09ジャーナル フリーThere has been much evidence demonstrating the involvement of oxidative stress in the pathology of neurological disorders. Moreover, the vulnerability of the central nervous system to reactive oxygen species mediated injury is well established since neurons consume large amounts of oxygen, the brain has many areas containing high iron content, and neuronal mitochondria generate large amounts of hydrogen peroxide. Furthermore, neuronal membranes are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, which are particularly susceptible to oxidative stress. Recently, the biological roles of products produced by lipid peroxidation have received much attention, not only for their pathological mechanisms associated with neurological disorders, but also for their practical clinical applications as biomarkers. Here, we discuss the production mechanisms of reactive oxygen species in some neurological disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease, Down syndrome, Parkinson’s disease, and stroke. We also describe lipid peroxidation biomarkers for evaluating oxidative stress.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (740K)
Original Articles
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Yoshimi Kobayashi, Makoto Hayashi, Fumihiko Yoshino, Muneaki Tamura, A ...原稿種別: Original Article
2014 年 54 巻 3 号 p. 161-165
発行日: 2014年
公開日: 2014/05/01
[早期公開] 公開日: 2014/04/09ジャーナル フリーOne approach to enhance the disinfection of root canals in endodontic treatment is ultrasonic irrigation with sodium hypochlorite. Reactive oxygen species, such as hydroxyl radical, are generated by biological defense systems to kill invading bacteria. Ultrasonic irrigation with hydrogen peroxide may be a promising option to increase hydroxyl radical generation. We examined the bactericidal effects of hydroxyl radical generated from low concentration hydrogen peroxide with ultrasound in vitro. An ultrasonic tip was submerged in 0.5 or 1.0 M hydrogen peroxide in a microfuge tube. hydrogen peroxide was irradiated with the ultrasound, the tip of which was maintained centered in the tube to mimic ultrasonic irrigation. Hydroxyl radical generation was assessed by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Subsequently, Enterococcus faecalis suspension in hydrogen peroxide was prepared and irradiated as described above. Bactericidal effects were assessed by viable counting. Electron spin resonance measurements showed that hydroxyl radical generation increased significantly in a time- and dose-dependent manner (two-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s test, p<0.05). Moreover, the bactericidal effects of hydrogen peroxide against Enterococcus faecalis were enhanced by ultrasonic irradiation in a time- and dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that ultrasonic irrigation in the presence of low concentration hydrogen peroxide can serve as a disinfection strategy in endodontic treatment.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (419K) -
Madoka Shimizu, Toru Yoshitomi, Yukio Nagasaki原稿種別: Original Article
2014 年 54 巻 3 号 p. 166-173
発行日: 2014年
公開日: 2014/05/01
[早期公開] 公開日: 2014/03/19ジャーナル フリー
電子付録Here, we report an interaction between blood and redox nanoparticles, prepared by self-assembly of amphiphilic block copolymers possessing 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyls as a side chain of hydrophobic segment. When 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl was added to rat whole blood, its electron spin resonance signal disappeared rapidly. In contrast, the signal from redox nanoparticles remained for a long period of time, indicating that nitroxide radicals were protected in the blood by their compartmentalization in the core of nanoparticle. Although most 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyls were located in the nanoparticle core, reactive oxygen species-scavenging activity was found outside of blood cells. For example, redox nanoparticles suppressed superoxide anion-induced hemolysis effectively, while 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl did not. It was revealed that redox nanoparticles were not internalized into the healthy blood cells, which was in sharp contrast to 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl. Due to its internalization into healthy platelets, 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl induced mitochondrial dysfunction, while redox nanoparticles did not. Redox nanoparticles suppressed platelet adhesion and extended blood coagulation time, in contrast to 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl. These results indicate that redox nanoparticles scavenge reactive oxygen species outside of cells, but do not interfere with normal redox reactions inside of the cell. Based on these results, we determine that an anti-oxidative strategy based on nanotechnology is a rational and safe therapeutic approach.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (992K) -
Alexandr Parlesak, Joachim Eckoldt, Karl Winkler, Christian J Bode, Ch ...原稿種別: Original Article
2014 年 54 巻 3 号 p. 174-180
発行日: 2014年
公開日: 2014/05/01
[早期公開] 公開日: 2014/04/04ジャーナル フリー
電子付録So far, little is known about the effect of nutrition and lifestyle on the composition of circulating lipoprotein subfractions. In the current study, we measured the correlations among physical activity, nutrient intake, smoking, body-mass index (BMI), and age with the concentration of triglycerides, cholesterol, phospholipids, and apolipoproteins (ApoA1, ApoA2 and ApoB) in subfractions of LDL and HDL in 265 healthy working men. Concentrations of cholesterol, phospholipids, and ApoB in small, dense atherogenic LDL particles (sdLDL) correlated negatively (p<0.001) with those of cholesterol, phospholipids, and ApoA1 in HDL2, respectively. Age correlated positively with sdLDL while increasing BMI correlated with an atherogenic shift of cholesterol, phospholipids, and ApoB from large, buoyant LDL (lbLDL) to sdLDL and decreasing concentrations of HDL2 constituents. Physical activity and alcohol intake correlated negatively with sdLDL constituents and positively with HDL2 components. Consumption of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) correlated with a lower ratio of sdLDL to HDL2 cholesterol. A favorable lipoprotein subfraction profile linked to a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease in men was associated with physical activity, moderate alcohol consumption, and dietary intake of MUFA, which might be exploited in future interventions for prevention of age- and BMI-associated atherogenic shifts of lipoprotein subfractions.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (804K) -
Jishu Quan, Meihua Jin, Huixian Xu, Delai Qiu, Xuezhe Yin原稿種別: Original Article
2014 年 54 巻 3 号 p. 181-189
発行日: 2014年
公開日: 2014/05/01
[早期公開] 公開日: 2014/04/04ジャーナル フリーThe aim of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of BRP, a polysaccharide fraction isolated from Boschniakia rossica, against galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide induced fulminant hepatic failure. Mice were injected with a single dose of galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide with or without pretreatment of BRP. Results showed marked reduction of hepatic necrosis, serum marker enzymes and levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in BRP pretreated mice when compared with galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide-challenged mice. Mice pretreated with BRP decreased the activation of caspases-3 and caspase-8, and showed a reduced level of DNA fragmentation of liver cells. BRP also reduced hepatic lipid peroxidation, increased potential of hepatic antioxidative defense system, and reduced hepatic nitric oxide level which was elevated by galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide injection. Immunoblot analysis showed down-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 proteins of liver tissues in BRP pretreated group when compared with galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide-challenged group. Furthermore, treatment with galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide markedly increased toll-like receptor 4, nuclear level of nuclear factor-κB, and phosphorylation of both extracellular signal-regulated kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase in liver tissues. However, these increases were attenuated by pretreatment with BRP. The results suggest that BRP alleviates galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide-induced liver injury by enhancing antioxidative defense system, suppressing inflammatory responses and reducing apoptotic signaling.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1987K) -
Hiroshi Miyazaki, Kimitaka Takitani, Maki Koh, Atsushi Yoden, Hiroshi ...原稿種別: Original Article
2014 年 54 巻 3 号 p. 190-197
発行日: 2014年
公開日: 2014/05/01
[早期公開] 公開日: 2014/04/09ジャーナル フリーNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common liver disorder in developed countries, and its incidence is increasing in all population groups. As an antioxidant, vitamin E is effective in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, although the mechanism is still unclear. Methionine-choline deficient Wistar rats (n = 5) used as an experimental model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease were fed a vitamin E-enriched diet (500 mg/kg) for 4 weeks. The effects were assessed by measuring lipid peroxidation, α-tocopherol levels, and the expression of α-tocopherol-related proteins in the liver. In vitamin E-treated methionine-choline deficient rats, lipid peroxidation was reduced, but liver histopathological changes were not improved. Hepatic α-tocopherol levels in these rats were significantly elevated compared to normal rats treated with vitamin E. Expression of liver α-tocopherol transfer protein in vitamin E-treated methionine-choline deficient rats was significantly repressed compared to methionine-choline deficient rats. The expression of liver cytochrome P450 4F2 and ATP-binding cassette transporter protein 1, involved in metabolism and transport of α-tocopherol, respectively, was significantly repressed in vitamin E-treated methionine-choline deficient rats. In methionine-choline deficient rats, vitamin E treatment altered the hepatic α-tocopherol-related protein expression, which may affect α-tocopherol status in the liver, leading to reduced lipid peroxidation.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2871K) -
Linlin Ji, Weina Gao, Jingyu Wei, Jianquan Wu, Jijun Yang, Bin Meng, C ...原稿種別: Original Article
2014 年 54 巻 3 号 p. 198-203
発行日: 2014年
公開日: 2014/05/01
ジャーナル フリーVegetables vary greatly in antioxidant capacity in vitro. This study was to investigate the actions of three vegetables different remarkably in antioxidant capacity in vitro on antioxidant function in aged rats. Sixty female aged Wistar rats were randomly assigned to the control, lotus root, rape and cucumber (high, moderate and low in antioxidant capacity, respectively) treated groups. After 6 weeks of feeding, there were no significant differences in plasma FRAP value and contents of vitamin C, vitamin E, uric acid and total phenolics among different groups, whereas the content of reduced glutathione was significantly higher in the rape and cucumber groups. Plasma superoxide dismutase activity also was significantly increased in the rape and cucumber groups. Plasma contents of malondialdehyde, carbonyls and hemolysis were decreased significantly in 3 vegetable-treated groups. Meanwhile, urinary 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine excretion was lower significantly in the rape group and the ratio of comet tail length to total length of blood mononuclear cells was decreased significantly in 3 vegetables treated groups. These results suggest that 3 vegetables tested are effective in improving antioxidant function to some extent in aged rats and no correlation is found between antioxidant capacity in vitro and improvements of antioxidant function. The benefits observed in this study may come from additive or synergistic combinations of antioxidants contained in vegetables.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (334K) -
Masae Sakuma, Megumi Sasaki, Sayaka Katsuda, Kana Kobayashi, Chiaki Ta ...原稿種別: Original Article
2014 年 54 巻 3 号 p. 204-209
発行日: 2014年
公開日: 2014/05/01
[早期公開] 公開日: 2014/04/12ジャーナル フリーLifestyle-related diseases develop through the accumulation of undesirable lifestyle habits both prior to the onset of disease as well as during normal healthy life. Accordingly, early detection of, and intervention in, metabolic disorders is desirable, but is hampered by the lack of an established evaluation index for young individuals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the utility of a biomarker of health in young female subjects. The subjects were young healthy Japanese females in whom energy expenditure was measured for a period of 210 min after a test meal. In addition, Δplasma glucose and Δserum insulin were calculated from the fasting and 30 min values. ΔPlasma glucose and Δserum insulin levels varied widely compared to fasting levels. Both the area under the curve of carbohydrate oxidation rate and serum free fatty acid levels were higher in individuals in the high Δplasma glucose group. Moreover, Δplasma glucose was higher in individuals in the high Δserum insulin group than in the low Δserum insulin group. We conclude that nutritional balanced liquid loading test using Δplasma glucose and Δserum insulin as the evaluation index is useful for the detection of primary metabolic disorders in young females.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (434K) -
Takashi Ide原稿種別: Original Article
2014 年 54 巻 3 号 p. 210-218
発行日: 2014年
公開日: 2014/05/01
[早期公開] 公開日: 2014/04/12ジャーナル フリーWe studied the combined effect of sesamin (1:1 mixture of sesamin and episesamine) and soybean phospholipid on lipid metabolism in rats. Male rats were fed diets supplemented with 0 or 2 g/kg sesamin, and containing 0 or 50 g/kg soybean phospholipid, for 19 days. Sesamin and soybean phospholipid decreased serum triacylglycerol concentrations and the combination of these compounds further decreased the parameter in an additive fashion. Soybean phospholipid but not sesamin reduced the hepatic concentration of triacylglycerol. The combination failed to cause a strong decrease in hepatic triacylglycerol concentration, presumably due to the up-regulation of Cd36 by sesamin. Combination of sesamin and soybean phospholipid decreased the activity and mRNA levels of hepatic lipogenic enzymes in an additive fashion. Sesamin strongly increased the parameters of hepatic fatty acid oxidation enzymes. Soybean phospholipid increased hepatic activity of 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase although it failed to affect the activity of other enzymes involved in fatty acid oxidation. Sesamin strongly increased hepatic concentration of carnitine. Sesamin and soybean phospholipid combination further increased this parameter, accompanying a parallel increase in mRNA expression of carnitine transporter. These changes can account for the strong decrease in serum triacylglycerol in rats fed a diet containing both sesamin and soybean phospholipid.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (712K)
Retraction
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原稿種別: Retraction
2014 年 54 巻 3 号 p. 219
発行日: 2014年
公開日: 2014/05/01
ジャーナル フリーThis article was withdrawn by the Editorial Committee on April 22, 2014, because it was constituted a breach of journal’s ethical policy.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (34K)
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