The analysis of 622 answered questionnaires concerning to the postoperative changes of defecatory disturbances in various anal diseases revealed the following data. Most of the patients notified postoperative evacuation disturbances and only 8% complained of postoperative persistence, aggravation or appearance of defecation disturbances. The contents of the improvement were normalized frequency, shortening of bowel movements and so on. Favorable results were obtained in every kind of anal diseases except rectal prolapse, the recurrence rate of which was high because of the trial of simple trans-anal ligature method.
There were 49 cases who complained of difficult defecation, thin stool and feeling of imcomplete evacuation. All the cases were consulted in out-patient service and over half of the cases revealed no abnormality, most of them belonging to the patients who underwent, operation within a few months ; the fact reveales postoperative influence of the anal sensa-tion is not fully disappeared in those patients.
The positive findings were stenosis, scar-formation, adhesion, prolonged healing, spasm and remained hemorrhoid. Each of them was observed in a few of the patients and treated with simple out-patient procedures. Some patients complained of mild degree of leakage of stool or flatus postoperatively after extensive severance of sphincters. Noteworthy is that 5 cases were found to have colonic diseases.
To prevent those post-operative impairement of smooth evacuation, the following considerations are taken at operation. For hemorrhoids, not Whitehead's operation but ligation and excision method is recomended. Even in the latter, more than 40% of the circumference of the anal ring must be preserved. For fistulas, the damage to sphincters is minimized and outer drainage is amply fashoned. For fissures and stenosis, posterior internal shincrotomy and sliding of the skin to the wound are recommended. In the prolapsed mucosa after Whitehead's operation, the ligation and excision of the mucosa is combined with partial sliding skin graft. In effect, operation wound must be made so as to get smooth and full .drainage, preservation of anal functions and dissolution of preoperative defecation difficulties.

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In colonofiberscopic examination, previously we could not have corrected diagnosis because of difficulty in observation of the entire colon.
Many authors emphasized the difficulty in insertion into the caecum in, several cases. with sigmoidal adhesion and remarkable ptosis of the transverse colon.
So we designed a new technique called S-L method using a guide wire and a Sliding-Tube for insertion into the caecum in those cases easily.
Colonofiberscopic examinations with S-L method were done in 11 cases and obtained some satisfactory results.
This paper showed the frame of leading cord, technique of examination by S-L method and the results we examined.

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Analysis was made on the 7 cases of familial polyposis of the colon in our clinic and those collected from the Japanese literature.
In our cases, malignant changes were found in 4 cases operatively. One case of them was performed panproctocolectomy with permanent ileostomy. As liver metastasis and peritonitis carcinomatosa wererecognized in 3 cases of them, palliative operation such as partial resection of the colon, anastomosis of the colon or amputatio recti were carried out.
Three other cases had no malignant changes. Because of bleeding tendency with thrombocytopenia was found in one case of them, total colectomy with excluding of the rectum was performed. One case of 18-year-old male was carried out the total colectomy, resection of the rectal mucosa and anal ileostomy. Sphincter muscle of the anus could preserve on this case, more physiological fecal continence was obtained by this operative procedure than permanent ileostomy. The last case without malignancy had small number of the polyps in rectal region, and total colectomy with ileoproctostomy was performed. Several times of fulguration of polyps in the remaining rectum was carried out after operation. In. spite of the frequent incidence of carcinoma in the preserved rectum after ileoproctostomy, . good results of anal function and normal continence could be obtained by this operative: method.

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