Serum lysozyme activities were measured by turbidimetric method in ten healthy controls, twenty six patients with ulcerative colitis, one patient with Crohn's colitis, two patients with tuberculous enterocolitis and five patients with other gastrointestinal disorders.
The serum lysozyme activities for each group were as follows : controls, 7.2±1.9 (Mean±SD): ulcerative colitis in active stage, 8.2±2.2 and in remission, 6.7±1.5 : Crohn's colitis in active stage, 11.4 and after treatment, 8.5 μg/ml. Serum lysozyme activities were higher at active stage than at remission in eight out of ten patients in whom serial measurements were performed.
These findings suggest that the serum lysozyme activities may serve as a useful index of the activity of ulcerative colitis, although it has dubious value in the differential diagnosis between ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease or tuberculous enterocolitis.

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Twenty five cases of 110 patients with colo-rectal carcinoma seen in our hospital for past 7 years were operated because of intestinal obstruction.
In the cases with obstructing colo-rectal carcinoma, incidence for men was twice comparing with that for women, and total age distribution showed the highest incidence in the seventies (25.7%).
Initial symptoms of obstructing large bowel cancer were abdominal pain, abdominal distension, and constipation. Duration of symptom in obstructing cases was commonly short with average of 4.7 months.
In Surgical management of 25 cases of obstructing colo-rectal carcinoma, motality and hospital death rate in the cases of palliative operation was higher than in the resectd cases. None of cases received palliative opration lived more than 15 months.
The greatest number of cases with obstruction was located in the sigmoid colon and the rectum. The figure of tumor development was characterized by its transverse growth resulting in circumferential advancement. Longitudinal growth of tumor had no relation to intestinal obstruction.
Over all five year survival rate of obstructing colo-rectal carcinoma was 25.0% and 33.3% in resected cases which were lower than in non-obstructing one.

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There are many undesirable problem in ileostomy after proctocolectomy. Some devices like the interposed reversal ileal segment have been attempted to control these problems. In our surgical clinic, the ampulla-like pouch which is made with reversed ileal segment have been introduced recently obtaining beneficial results. In this paper, the electromyogram and pathohistology of the ampulla-like pouch were studied experimentaly comparing with simple reversed ileal segment.
In the adult mongreal dogs, the ampulla like pouch was made on the terminal portion of ileum and electromyograms were taken 5 weeks after surgery. The number and the amplitude of spikes in each spikeburst were increased gradually and decrease with regular cycles. In other word, regularly repeated active and rest phases were shown. This means that the motility of reversed portion of ampulla like pouch is superior to oral ileum resulting the stronger tendency to retention of the content. On the other hand, in the simple reversed segment, these were no evidence of superiority of motility in the reversed portion to the oral intestine considering from the electromyogram.
Pathohistologic studies revealed the lesser thickness of proper muscle layer and lesser degree of dilatation of oral intstine in the ampulla-like pouch group than simple reversed segement group supposing the smaller load in the ampulla-like pouch against the oral intestine.

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We report the case of a patient with an adenosquamous cell carcinoma of the rectosigmoid.
A 54-year-old man was seen at our hospital with the chief complaint of bloody stool of one year duration.
Sigmoidscopy disclosed the small, Borrmann type II like tumor to be about 13 cm from the anus, and a biopsy was taken. The diagnosis of the biopsied tissue was well differentiated adenocarcinoma.
Barium-enema studies revealed the small filling defect in the rectosigmoid. An abdominal anterior resection was performed with no metastasis in the regional lymphnodes and liver.
On resected specimen, the tumor measured 2 cm in greatest diameter. On microscopic examination, well differentiated adenocarcinoma was seen in the layer of mucousmembrane, and keratinizing squomous cell carcinoma was seen in the layer of submucosa, muscularis propria, and subserosa.
Adenosquamous cell carcinoma of the colon and rectum is a rare tumor, first described by Herxheimer in 1904.
Up to the present, 31 cases of adenosquamous cell carcinoma of the colon and rectum have been reported in the literature. The figure suggests that this histologic tumor differentiation in the colon and rectum is very rare.

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Juvenile polyps are usually seen in children and have peculiar histological aspects. They are rarely seen in adults.
165 polyps have been endoscopically removed in our institute. There were 5 ceses of juvenile polyps among them (about 3%). It was difficult to differenciate them from adenoma endoscopically, but was easy histologically.
It is regarded as there are no differences between juvenile polyps in children and those in adults. But it is desirable to record the latter as "non-juvenile" juvenile polyp because of their rarity.
In this paper we reported endoscopical and histological appearances of 5 "non-juvenile" juvenile polyps.

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Even though recent advances in lower intestinal rentogenology and endoscopy, the accurate diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease has not been established.
In this paper, 2 cases of non-specific ulcer of the colon are presented. They are males in fifties, complaining of, abdominal pain and tumor in right lower quadrant. They have also several similar findings, such as past history, clinical signs or symptoms and affected colonic segment, although the first case is relapsing one in the anastomosed portion. X-ray and endoscopy show an irregular and deep ulcer with edema of the surrounding mucosa, converged mucosal folds and deformity or narrowing in the affected segment. But no evidence of malignancy can be seen in biopsy materials. Resected specimens disclose penetrated ulcers. The base of the ulcers are histologically proved to be composed of granulation tissue and fibrotic scar with multiple foci of lymphocytic accumulation and remarkable inflammatory cell infiltration in the stromal tissue. But no typical features such as granuloma or fistula formations in Crohn's disease or caseous necrosis in tuberculosis can be found. From these findings, these cases are diagnosed non-specific ulcer of the colon.
Comparing with the reported cases in literature, the differential diagnosis of the disease are discussed from the other several inflammatory diseases of the colon.

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A 76 year-old man who has had adenocarcinoma which was found lying among pro-truding internal haemorrhoids was operated on at the Social Insurans Central Hospital. These haemorrhoids have been lasting more than 50 years.
Local excision with haemorrhoids was performed then anticancer chemotherapy fol-lowed by radiation was carried out.
He is non quite well, without recurrence.

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