The nerve supply of the internal sphincter had two origins.
The first was the intrinsic AUERBACH'S plexus, which was found apparently in the foetus and the newborn at the upper end of the internal sphincter but uncertain in the older subjects. The proper innervation of the AUERBACH'S plexus in the internal sphincter was seen as far as ganglions were existed, but anally, where the ganglions disappeared, numerous extrinsic nerve fibers were seen instead of the AUERBACH'S plexus in the internal .sphincter.
The second was the extrinsic nerve fibers came from the pelvic space, passed through the longitudinal muscle, and distributed numerously in the internal sphincter where ganglions were absent. Above the dentate line, some of the extrinsic fibers left the internal sphincter for the subepithelial tissue. Argyrophobe thin fibers were considered as the autonomic nerve fibers. Some of argyrophil thick fibers forked into two branches and ended free. It could not be deny that these thick fibers might be afferent fibers.

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The nerve supply of the lining tissue of the anal canal had three origins.
The first was the MEISSNER'S plexus, which laid only upper end of the anal canal in foetus and newborn.
The second was extrinsic nerve fibers coming from the pelvic space to pass through the longitudinal muscle and pass through/under the internal sphincter. The fibers were numerous in foetus but diminished with getting older.
The third was extrinsic nerve fibers which passed through the external sphincter, under the internal sphincter, and went upward as far as the dentate line making nerveplexus and sensory endings.
Sensory endings consisted of free nerve ending, organized ending and hair plexus. Free endings were found in foetus as well as in adult. Organized endings were found in subjects aged of four years and adult: many of them were "glomerular type" endings and a few genital corpuscle. Special baroreceptors such as arborised ending (SUNDER-PLASSMANN) were found especially adjacent to the hemorrhoidal plexus. At anal valve, some nerve fibers, showed extensive neurofibrillar swelling which presumably play some role to extend the sensory area of nerve element.
Out of the intersphincteric groove was shown to be innervated by fibers which passed under the external sphincter.

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63 selective angiographies of the inferior mesenteric artery (=IMA) were studied clinically, included 44 rectal cancer, 4 sigmoid cancer, 3 ulcerative colitis and others. The IMA originated at the level of the third lumbar vertebra was noticed in 67% of the all cases. The left colic artery arisen as an isolated vessel apart from the sigmoid branches was recognized in 68% of the cases, and in 32% cases it was devided as major trunk with one or more sigmoid branches. Exposure of splenic flexure region was noticed in almost cases (98%). Considering the above results, division of the inferior mesenteric trunk wass perfomed routinely in radical rectal procedure without any ischemic complications.
Studies of the IMA angiographic and operative findings in 43 rectal cancer cases dem-onstrated more marked irregularity and displacement of arteriar branches and marginal artery when the tumor was extended through the bowel wall and enlarged over 5cm in diameter. Tumor vessels (tortuous in course, random in distribution, irregular appearance and abnormally tapered) were observed in 39 cases (91%), and premature venous fiillings also were observed in about half cases. Selective arteriography of the IMA offers reliable and valuable information in the diagnosis and evaluation of bowel diseases.

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