In 74cases of indoor patients(48 male, 36 female)complaining of various gastrointestinal symptoms, 39 cases of coloptosis were diagnosed and classified into 3 groups radiographically.
Measuring the position, the length and the width of the colon on barium-air double contrast films, it was proved that the average length of transverse colon and the maximal distance of transverse colon moved in the shift from the prone to the erect posture were longer in cases with coloptosis than in cases without coloptosis.
Also, the coexistence of coloptosis and gastroptosis was recongnized significantly in high incidence, but it of coloptosis and redundant pelvic colon not significantly.
Clinically, the significant preponderance in female but no specific symptoms were present in the cases with coloptosis.

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35 cases of the mechanical obstruction of the large bowel (MOLB), 35 cases of the paralytic ileus secondary to the generalized peritonitis (PIGP) and 35 cases as the control were all reviewed looking for the characteristic findings on the preoperative scout films. Diagnosis of MOLB and PIGP were based finally on findings at the laparotomy.
Degree of the large bowel distension (DLBD) of MOLB group separated considerably from the other 2 groups at 1.5. Thus this level was thought to be of importance for the diagnosis of MOLB. Furthermore, the actual width of the large and the small bowel were measured during laparotomy in 12 cases without the intestinal obstruction; a ratio between them was approximately 1.5; meanwhile degree of the small bowel distension had been usually above 1.0 in the small bowel obstruction. It was conclusively considered reasonable that DLBD as a criterion of MOLB should be 1.5 or more. The other important criterion for MOLB was decided that the fluid level in the large bowel (FLLB) should be demonstrated according to the pathophysiology of the intestnal obstruction. MOLB group could be divided into 3 subgroups such as 1) congenital origin 2) volvulus of the sigmoid colon 3) symptomatic obstruction by preceding lesions, particularly that of malignancy.
The congenitally originated showed substantially the highest range; the obstruction due to malignant growth showed the lowest. The essential difference of these distribution was recognized easily by their pathologic process. Additional notes stated that incomplete dependency of FLLB on DLBD; significance of the barium enema study of the colon against the scout film of the abdomen.

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There are several problems which need longer examination period or much experince and technique to obtan meaningful films of the colon. The other important factor for the colon examination would be the material such as a rectal balloon catheter.
It has been improved by many people however, there has not been a satisfactory product.
Since 1972, we have been trying to develop the remote controlled apparatus for the colon examination using the X-ray television set with S. Takane et al. While applying this apparatus, there had been also several problems as follows : sended contrast media or air for the double contrast used to come out of the anal side or the catheter easy to detach from the rectum while changing the patient's position and a severe movement in infants or due to the insufficiency of anal sphincter of seniles.
However, the satisfactory rectal double balloon catheter has been improved after the clinical practice since 1973.
This catheter is taken care of the followings :
(1) not to be disconnected from the rectal tube
(2) without a backflow of contrast media or air
(3) to be capable of infusion or excretion of contrast media or air
The catheter has two holes, the one is at the oral side and the other at the anal side on the external anal sphincter for the anatomical rescribed above (1) (2).
The infusion of contrast media or air is from the center tip of the catheter.
The distance between two inflated balloons is 12 mm. The distance from the tip of the catheter to the oral sided balloon is 35 mm and the size of a hole for infusion and excretion is 10 mm × 10 mm in diameter. Two different sizes of the catheter which are respectively 10 mm and 14 mm in diameter available for any aged patients.
Results : These double balloon cathers were applied for 39 cases and then the capacity of air infused was approximately 20 to over 20 ml. No abnormality or trouble were observed while use of this, catheter with air of 20 ml also in other 281 cases of 4 hospitals.

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150 selective angiographies of the superior mesenteric artery (=SMA) were studied clinically, included 29 cancer of the colon, 9 ulcerative colitis, 2 Crohn's disease, 2 polyposis of the colon and others.
The SMA originated at the left side level of the first lumbar vertebra was in 64% of the all cases.
The SMA arose as a celiomesenteric trunk rarely (2%) and had the many inconstant branches, included a right hepatic artery in 9.3% (7.3% replaced, 2% accessory right hepatic) and a common hepatic artery in 2%.
The right colic artery arised as a branch of a middle colic right colic common trunk in 52%, directly from the SMA in 40% and as a branch of the ileocolic artery in 8%.
Studies of the SMA angiographic, operative and post-operative, microangiographic findings demonstrated serrated encasement and displacement of the marginal artery when the tumor was extended through the bowel wall and enlarged over about 9cm in diameter.
Tumor vessels and tumor staining were observed in the well differentiated adenocarcinoma and indicated the extent of cancer.
The angiographic findings in ulcerative colitis and others also were studied and single shot infusion of steroid was effective in treatment for the active stage of ulcerative colitis.
Selective angiography of the SMA offers reliable and valuable information in the evaluation of bowel disease.

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