The distribution of the ganglion cells in the chicken retina was observed using the whole mount preparations.

Cell counts of the ganglion cell layer in the chicken were about 4,500,000 and this value was considerably numerous compared with those in mammals. The isodensity lines of the retinal ganglion cells in the chicken had an oval form increasing the density toward the central area and did not formed the visual streak shown in mammals living on the ground. These findings suggest the difference in the extent of the view field associated with the living habits.

The ganglion cells in the retina have been classified in three types; large sized α-, medium sized β- and small sized γ-type cells. And these have been different from each other in the physiological significance. The larger α-type ganglion cells were mainly observed in the peripheral regions differing from the distribution centering the central area in mammals.

1970年頃，青森県に外国から輸入された肉用繁殖牧場の牛群に眼の疾患が流行し，検査の結果Moraxella bovisによる伝染性角結膜炎(IBK)と診断された。

さらに，1972年頃から，全国16道県の牧場で，IBKの発生が認められ，その防除対策が必要となった。そこで，各地への伝搬方法を検討するため，1970年に青森県でIBKの発生があった肉用繁殖牧場A牧場およびその周囲の牧場のIBKの発生状況を，臨床，細菌および病理学的に調べた。その結果，A牧場では，その後もIBKの流行が繰り返えされ，さらにその周囲の牧場もこの菌に汚染されていることが明らかとなった。これらの汚染牧場の無症状牛の眼の分泌液からM. bovisが分離された。このことは，昆虫などを介してIBK発生牧場から周囲の牧場に広がり，また，無症状の保菌牛の移動にともない，全国的に広がったものと推察された。

Apparently healthy 523 colony-born cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) aged from 0 day to 19 years were examined for the findings of the ocular fundus by using ophthalmoscope. One drop of the mixed solution of 0.5% tropicamide and 0.5% phenylephrine hydrochloride was instilled into each eye of the animal. Then, those monkeys were anesthetized with ketamin-HCl at the dose level of 10mg/Kg B.W.. Either with or without pre-injection of fluorescein in, photographs were taken with Kowa RC-II ophthalmoscope-camera by using daylight typed color film. The flash intensity for taking regular photographs was set at 50W-2 and fluorescein angiographs were set at 100W of the transformer's position.

Following findings were obtained in each age class. Retinal color was salmon pink with 0 to 3-day-old neonates, salmon pink and blue to green with 3-week to 4-week-old animals, blue to green with 6-week to 1 year old macaques, and brown with 7-year-old monkeys. As regards optic disc, 0- to 3-week-old animals were observed to be light orange in color, and the infants aged more than 4-week showed orange color. Retinal arteries and veins were lightly reddish in the color with every age class. Macular color was salmon pink in 0-day-old cases, slightly dark in 3-day-old neonates and very dark after 3-week of age. Little retinal reflex was noted in 0 and 1-week-old animals. The reflex was observable in 2-week-old animals without fail, attaining the strongest intensity in 1-year-old monkeys and gradually decreasing its intensity in 3- to 19-year-old animals. Central pit's reflex was detectable after 6-month of age. Retinal hemorrhages were recorded about 70% neonates born in natural condition. It was noted that retinal hemorrhages disappeared at 3-day to 2-week of age. Persistent hyaloid artery was observed in all newborn monkeys. It was noted that persistent hyaloid artery was faded out at 3 to 6-week of age.

老齢Fischer 344ラットの雄・雌各208匹計832眼球を眼科学的および病理学的に検索した。眼科学的検査では83～109週齢ラットに種々の自然発生眼病変が出現した。自然発生網膜変性は雄2.4および雌2.5%に観察された。自然発生網膜変性は光受容体細胞層の消失およびmicrocystoid形成からなっていた。自然発生網膜変性との比較を目的として白内障に付随する網膜病変を検索した。この場合には光受容体細胞の消失，microcystoid形成，褶曲形成，星状膠細胞および色素上皮細胞増加が網膜にみられた。さらに強膜の病変および視神経の萎縮がしばしば観察された。

各齢の網膜の厚さおよび構築細胞層を形成する細胞数を計測した。加齢に伴い光受容体細胞数および光受容体細胞層の厚さは減少した。Fischer 344ラットの自然発生網膜変性と加齢との間には密接な関係があった。

加齢に伴う眼底像とくにその血管の変化について，栃木県下の全開連畜産技術センターに導入された雄仔牛6頭を用いて，眼底撮影像で解析した。その結果，視束円板長径に対する上行静脈血柱径比が，加齢に伴い減少することを認めた。しかし，鼻側及び耳側における同様距離のA/V比は，変動を認めず，また，上行動脈の走行方向と鼻側及び耳側動脈の走行方向との，それぞれのなす角度も，ほぼ一定に推移した。調査期間中，硝子体動脈は遺残し，その消失は観察されなかった。

In recent five years, ocular fundus of domestic cats was investigated. The majority of 1098 examined animals harboured in Osaka Prefecture, others were in Saitama and Fukushima Prefecture respectively.

Nearly all animals were Japanese domestic shorthaired and over eighty percent were adult or senile staged. The sexual ratio was 1.5(M): 1.0(F).

The cats were reared in filtrated high clean air supplied cage-system individually located in air conditioned animal facility of the University, and observed their ocular fundus under general anesthetic condition with Ketamin-HCl.

The micropapilla in optic disc zone, general or partial atapetal, lacking of pigmentation in retinal zone were recorded. The retinochoroidal coloboma was observed monolaterally in one case of JDSH. These anomalies were under 1.1 percent as incidence-ratio.

The central retinal degeneration was recorded over six percent of investigated JDSH.

The rate of male cases of this condition was higher than of female significantly (p<0.05). The cases in adult or senile stage were more observed than of juvenile, however, differentiation between above stages on incidence ratio was not significant (p<0.05).