The effect of succinate on rat brain mitochondria has been investigated with the following results :
1. Succinate had no accelerating effect on the oxygen consumption of rat brain mitochondria when glucose was added as a substrate. In the presence of glucose, lactate formation increased 50250% with the addition of succinate, although succinate itself was not utilized for the reaction.In this case an acceleration of glucose utilization was also observed.
2. About half of the glucose consumed is calcUlated to be present in the reaction medium as intermediate products, about half of which are fructose phosphates.
3. Using fructose 1, 6-diphosphate as a substrate, the addition of succinate caused no increase in lactate formation, but rather it caused some depression of substrate utilization, in contrast to the results of the experiments where glucose was used as the substrate. If ADP was substituted for ATP in the reaction medium, however, both lactate formation and the rate of substrate utilization were increased, simlarly to the experiments where glucose and ATP were present in the medium.
4. These results obtained with rat brain mitochondria were compared with the results repor ted earlier, in which glucose metabolism in slices of cat-fish brain was studied. A possible mechanism of the action of succinate on glucose metabolism was presented, and the results obtained were shown to be compatible with this hypothesis.

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Investigations were made on the P³² incorporation into the phospholipid fractions in thoracic muscle of dragon fly comparing with heart and femoral muscles of rat. The results obtained by the paperchromatographic method of Dawson were as follows :
1) The total phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine content was more than 70% of the total phospholipids in thoracic muscle of dragon fly, but the diphospho-in ositide content was low.
2) The incoporation of P³² into phosphatidylserine reached its maximum three hours after the ingestion of P³², but those into phosphatidylcholine and two unidentified substances (Rf value of them was about 0.25 in paperchromatography by phenol-NH₃) were gradually increased ouere period of 20 hours. After 20 hours of P³² ingestion, more than 80% of P³² incorporated into total phospholipids were in the fractions of phosphatidylcholine and two unidentified substances referred to above.
3) The composition of phospholipids of heart and femoral muscles of rat after intraperitoneal injection of P³² were almost the same as that of dragon fly. The P³² incorporation into diphospho-inositide and two unidentified substances of heart muscle of rat were greater than that of femoral muscle after 12 hours, while that of phosphatidylserine was the reverse.
The results were discussed as to the significance of phospholipids as an important endogenous substrate of muscles, especially of insect flight muscle.

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Investigations were carried out on 488 subjects, who were dismissed from the Gunma Prefectural Sanatorium of Maebashi during the Period of April, 1953 to March, 1957, concerning their course of tuberculosis beginning from the onset to return to social life in 1 to 5 years after the dismissal.
Subjects were classified into four groups according to their occupation and social status Teachers, government official, miscellaneous, and those without regular occupation inclusive of housewiver.
1) Rate of discovery of tuberculosis in collectvie examination was evidently lower in the last mentioned group. Further, the disease was serious and the follow-up prognosis was poor in the majority of this group, which can primarily be attributed to the delayed discovery, and also to social and economic conditions.
2) In more than half of the patients, discovered by collective examination, the cavity was present. In view of this, there seem to be many to de improved regarding the current method of examination and its frequency. With such improvements, the rate of the discovery, particulary in the early stage of the disease, will be raised.
3) Cases, highly suspicious of family infection represented 1/4 of the total, and the majority of them had parents, siblings and/or sisters with tuberculosis, whose 2/3 died of this disease. This indicate high significance of family infection, and consequently insufficiency of family examination And enforcement of adequate anti-tuberculosis mesaures is highly besired in this field.
4) Out of 488 subjects, 388 (73.7%) were recorded satisfactory in their return to the previous occupation, naw employment, and houshold enggaeement. In the non-occupation group, only 51.6 % were good in this respect. There is thus evident correlation between the prognosis and social position or occupation.
5) There are many questions in the communcty acceptance of tuberculous patients, and in view of this, requirements for appropirate measnres in the medical-social work as well as for the public education of rehabilitatiou are deeply felt.

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The fibrinoid degeneration observed in 105 human cases of miscellaneous diseases excluding allergic or collagen diseases was investigated histologically and histochemically.
1. Fibrinoid degeneration in arterial and capillary walls and perivascular connective tissues was noticed in various lesions, such as chronic peptic, neoplastic or inflammatory ulcers, erosions, inflammatory foci, polyps, hemorrhages, anemic infarctions, atherosclerosis, uremia and so on.
2. All of the fibrinoid degenerations in various lesions or diseases were the same in nature, and moreover closely resembled the fibrinoid degeneration in vascular walls of rabbits in Arthus phenomenon, DOCA-administered rats, bilaterally nephrectomized dogs, bilaterally renal arteries-ligated dogs, renal arteries-constricted rabbits or rats, and that in so-called angionecrosis of cerebral arteries in human apoplectic cerebral hemorrhage.
3. The fibrinoid substance had spatially close relation to serofibrinous exudate and was intensely stained with fibrin stain. Most of the substance was digested by trypsin as easily as fibrin.
4. Mesenchyma l proliferative reaction, which is generally associated with fibrinoid degeneration, was scarcely noticed in the present study.
5. It is not considered that fibrinoid degeneration is characteristic merely to allergic or collagen diseases.
6. The foregoing results suggested that fibrinoid substance was derived from fibrin, fibrinogen and blood plasma proteins, all of them were exuded from vascular spaces to vascular walls as the result of increased vascular permeability by various causes including allergic phenomena. The development of increased vascular permeability was supposed to be caused by permeability-promoting factors in inflammatory lesions, hypoxidosis, fibrinolytic and other enzymatic activities, and mechanical injuries.

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The heads, palates and nasal cavities of mice embryos with cleft palate caused by various abnormal intrauterine environments, which were induced with Trypan blue, Cortisone, Carzinophilin and noise stimulation, were morphologically studied.
Results obtained were as follows :
1) Most of those clefts were median and complete without lip- or alveolarcleft. Partial unilateral cleft was produced in each one case with 5% Trypan blue, Carzino-philin and Cortisone.
2) As to the type of cleft, the width at the ventral and the dorsal edge were almost equal in most cases, and the dorsal edge was very wider in other few cases.
3) The width of the palate showed no difference between the abnormal embryos and the controlled normal embryos. The arch of palate was high in the 2 embryos with cleft palates. The width of the left and the right palatal process were not in most cases equal.
4) Squamous epithelium was observed on the nasal side of palatal process.
5) Glycogen granules contained in palatal epithelium and the epithelium of nasopalatine canal were less in embryos with cleft palate than in the controlled embryos.
6) The heads of some cases were flat or asymmetrical.
7) Deviation of the nasal septum was seen in 3 cases.
8) Asymmetry of the shape and width of the nasal cavity, inhibitory development of the concha and the paranasal sinus and depressed development and asymmetry of the nasal gland were apparently observed in the Trypan blue group, but not so clearly in other groups.
9) In all abnormal embryos, the transverse diameter of the nasopharyngeal duct was wider; in most cases, the cranial wall of the duct was thinner.
10) Depressed development and asymmetrical development of the maxillary bone, vomer and palatal bone could also be observed.
11) In most cases, the development of the teeth anlage was normal, but was inhibited in some of the Cortisone group.

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Male albino rats weighing 150±20gm, which had been maintained on Mc Collum diet, were used for this studies upon the influence of estrogen and progesterone on the fraction of iodinated aminoacids in thyroid glands.
Inorganic iodide showed tendency of increase at 4, 8 and 24 hours and monoiodotyrosine marked increase at 8 and 24 hours over those of controls. Triiodothyronine and thyroxine decreased below them.

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従来甲状腺内ヨードアミノ酸分劃に与えるACTHとcortisoneの影響に検討を加えた報告は少なく, またその結果は必ずしも一致していない。これは実験条件の差と内分泌機能の相互関係が極めて複雑なためと考えられる.著者は大量のACTHとコーチゾンの投与がこの分劃 (無機沃度, モノヨードチロヂン (MIT), ヂヨードチロヂン (DIT), トリヨードサイロニン (T₃), チロキシン (T₄)) に与える影響を追求し, 知見を得たのでここに報告する.

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The writer has presented his studies on arteriosclerosis from an angle of elastase which is closely connected with the proliferation and destruction of elastin in the artery. Special attention has been given to an elasta e-inhibitor in the serum and the findings are as follows :
1. Optimal pH of elastase was from 8.4 to 8.9.
2. The Ca-Salt inhibits elastase activity.
3. Elastase-inhibitor exists in the serum of both men and rabbits. This material is for the most part found in both albumin fraction and α₁-globulin fraction of the serum protein; it is unstable under heating and its activity is lost by heating (over60°C); this material has little to do with the quantity of the serum total protein, nor is it influenced by administering heparin in jection.
4. In the case of the rabbits which were fed adeps lanae, the more serious arteriosclerosis is, the less serum elastase-inhibitor exists.
5. Elastase-inhibitor in the group which shows serious sclerosis in eyeground exists less than in the group which shows no sclerosis in eyeground.
6. The decline of elastase-inhibitor in the abnormal electrocardiographic group was stronger than in the normal group.
7. The decline of serum elastase-inhibitor is seen in various diseases which were closely related to arteriosclerosis. And in the human aorta, the decline of elastase-inhibitor was greater where sclerosis was clear than in a normal part.
8. From said findings. it is inferred that elastase-inhibitor plays a considerable part in clarifying cause of arterioselerosis.

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Insulin sensitivity test was performed in various thyroid diseases, with the following results :
1) Out of 15 cases with Basedow's diseases, 11, who did not receive any treatment before, all showed the normal insulin value, which fell below the normal with improvement of the disease (8 cases). Those with low values in the beginning showed change in lower range.
3) Out of 23 cases with hyperthyroidism (in a narrow sense), 17 did not receive treatment in the past. Out of these 17, 8 showed the normal insulin value, and 9, lower values. For the former, excepting 3, the value decreased below the normal in the course of the treatment, and for the latter, it changed within lower range.
2) All the 5 cases with myxedema showed low insulin values, which tended to return to the normal in the course of treatment.
4) Out of 50 cases with simple goiter, 20% showed the normal insulin value, and 80%, lower values. Of the latter, 42% showed the normal recovery index, and 58% were delayed in recovery. Out of 39 cases with diffuse goiter, 5 (13%) showed the normal insulin value, and 34 (87%) lower values, while out of 11 cases with nodular goiter, 5 (45%) showed the normal, and 6 (55%), lower values. In this way, the percentage of the lower values was greater in the diffuse type (with significant difference at 0.02% level). In the course of treatment, insulin value returned to the normal in 50%, and approached to the normal in 50%. Those with the normal value before the treatment showed change within the normal range.
5) Further, insulin value was determined in other endocrinological diseases, diabetes insipidus, neurotic anorexia, Addison's disease, subacute thyroiditis, and thyroid cancer, and low insulin value was recognized.

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Psychological and electroencephalographic study was made on memory disturbance in the various cloudy states of consciousness induced by electroconvulsion or injection of some hypnotic drugs (chlorpromazine, amobarbital sodium etc.). The experiments were carried out in fourty-eight psychiatric Patients, none of whom showed memory disturbance in a previous examination. The results of the experiments were compared with those of similar study in the clear state of consciousness in five cases of organic dementia.
These patients, lying on bed with eyes closed, were examined by a series of memory tests, e. i. a reproduction of short sentences, a digit-span test, and a paired-associate method, while the verbal responces, G. S. R. and E. E. G. wererecorded concomitantly.
In the clouded state of consciousness, the memorizing ability (immediate memory) could be fairly correlated with the appearance and continuance of arousal responces of E. E. G. evoked by the test-stimuli, whereas the duration of retention seemed to be determined by the excitation level of E. E. G. or the depth of disturbance of consciousness.
In the recall of memory, distinct differences were observed between the drug-induced somnolence and the post-convulsive state. In the former case the recall colud be obtained so far as it was accompanied by activation patterns, but in the latter the recall was apparently independent of the continued appearence of arousal responses, and was easily blocked by other distracting stimuli. Similar results to the post-convulsive state was found in the experiments of organic dement cases.
These findings in the drug-induced somnolence suggest the importance of the arousal and maintenance of attention for the memory activity, and can be considered in relation to the brain-stem functions. On the other hand, the recall defect in the post-convulsive state and the organic dementia can be ascribed to the disturbance of intellectual abilities or the integrating function of the cerebral cortex. (Author's abstract)

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Adult clonorchis sinensis were obtained from dogs, infected experimentally. Four antigens (A.B.C. D.) were fractionated from adult worms by chemical method.
The tests were conducted on the scram of dogs infected with clonorchis sinensis, men suffering from clonorchiasis, the sera of healthy dogs and men, with the 4 antigens (A. B. C. D.) prepared from the adult werms of clonorchis sinensis. Among 4 antigens, Antigen A, used as test antigen, showed the best satisfying results and other, B.C.D also fairly good results.
By paper electroesis, protein and polysaccharide in 4 antigens were studied.

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Intradermal tests were conducted in 15 patients with clonorchiasis, using 3 antigens (A.C.D.). Injections of antigen 0.05m1 (dry weight 20γ) were made intradermally on the forearm.
Wheal and redness appeared in 5 minutes and reached their maximum in 15 minutes after the injection by all 3 antigens.
With antigen A and D, 28 positive reactions appeared on the 289 people in endemic area.
From 28 positive people, eggs were found in 6 men by fecal examination (egg positive rate supposed to be 30 to 45%).

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1. As the place of pinworm infection, the primary school must be regarded as of great importance, especially the frequent occurence of infection towards the next seat in order deserves a special attention.
2. The infection towards the next seat in order is considered to be due to the frequent chance of contacts with hands and of lending and borrowing of school paraphernalia and something else between class-mates sitting next seat.
3. For cleaning the floor in the class-room or corridor, the wet dust-cloth should be used instead of the use of broom.

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Three ointments, Merzonin-ointment, Mercurochromum-ointment and Unguentum Hydrargyri, were used in a Preliminary Screening Test in an attempt to determine which ointments would warrant further testing for protective agents against the penetration of larvae of Ancylostoma caninum.
No remarkable effective result were found compared with the control.

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There are many reports on chemical prevention against and oxygen effect upon irradiation. However, no investigations seem to have yet been made on these effects in retina. The author performed irradiation upon guinea pig retina in vitro with concomitant application of cyanide, cysteine and glutathione, and under different gas conditions.
1. Anaerobic sugar metabolism in retina was inhibited by the irradiation, and the degree of the inhibition was Proportional with the dose of the irradiation.
2. Oxygen effect was recognized.
3. The elevation of sensitivity by NaCN, and protective effect of the concomitant application of cysteine and of glutathione were evidently observed in the air, in pure oxygen, and in pure nitrogen, respectively.

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