Neurologia medico-chirurgica

Rapid Morphological Changes of Bovine Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells on Extracellular Matrices

Takaaki KANEKO, Izumi NAGATA, Susumu MIYAMOTO, Hiroaki KUBO, Haruhiko ...

1992 Volume 32 Issue 8 Pages 549-553
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: June 20, 2006

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2176/nmc.32.549

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The morphological changes in endothelial cells derived from bovine brain microvasculature, carotid artery, and aorta during growth on extracellular matrices were compared. All cells formed tubular structures on a basement membrane. Ultrastructural studies showed that the tubular structures had lumens surrounded by many endothelial cells. On type I collagen gel, brain microvascular endothelial cells still formed tubular structures, but the other two cell types formed confluent monolayers. However, when a second layer of collagen gel was laid over these cells, tubular structures developed within 2-3 days. Brain microvascular endothelial cells form tubular structures more readily than endothelial cells derived from large vessels on both basement membrane and type I collagen gel.

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Morphometrical Analysis of GFAP positive Cells in Human Astrocytomas

Yoshihiko YOSHII, Kiyoshi NARUSHIMA, Hideo TSURUSHIMA, Kiyoyuki YANAKA ...

1992 Volume 32 Issue 8 Pages 554-558
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: June 20, 2006

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2176/nmc.32.554

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The morphometrical characteristics of human astrocytoma were examined using the shape, size, and intercellular distances of glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive cells in samples from 21 patients with various astrocytomas and normal samples resected during operations on seven patients with other brain tumors. The results showed that astrocytoma cells were rounder than normal astrocytes with fewer processes. Low-grade astrocytomas were smaller than astrocytes or rapid regrowth astrocytomas. Morphological analysis of astrocytoma may be valuable for evaluating the potential migration to adjacent tissue.

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Immunohistochemical Study of a Newly Defined Oncofetal Antigen (HGR-Ag) in Tumors of the Central Nervous System

Hiroyuki HASHIMOTO, Toshisuke SAKAKI, Shigeru TSUNODA, Tetsuya MORIMOT ...

1992 Volume 32 Issue 8 Pages 559-565
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: June 20, 2006

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2176/nmc.32.559

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The oncofetal antigen (HGR-Ag) in brain tumors was newly defined using the monoclonal antibody derived from tissue extracts of an anaplastic astrocytoma. The HGR-Ag was purified through sequential chromatography using diethylaminoethyl-Sephadex A-50 and Con-A Sepharose affinity columns. The latter method indicated that HGR-Ag is not a glycoprotein, and Western blot analysis indicated a molecular weight of 80-90 kd. Purified antigen was used to produce antibody. This new antibody, designated H1H2, was shown to be an immunoglobulin G1 by immunodiffusion assay.
Histological/immunohistochemical studies using the H1H2 antibody on paraffin and frozen tissue sections showed HGR-Ag to be intracellular rather than membrane-associated. The immunoreactivity of H1H2 was highest in malignant astrocytomas, glioblastomas, and normal fetal brain tissue. Neurinomas and certain carcinomas of other organs showed lesser, variable reactivity to H1H2. The strength of the antigen-antibody binding was correlated with the degree of malignancy in human gliomas. H1H2 bound to fetal brain tissue and undifferentiated neural tumors, but not to normal adult brain tissue, so HGR-Ag is probably a fetal oncoantigen.

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Postauricular Response in Motor Paresis with Intracranial Lesions

Kazuyoshi FUNAHASHI, Shinji IMAE, Toshikazu KUWATA, Daisuke NAKA, Mits ...

1992 Volume 32 Issue 8 Pages 566-571
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: June 20, 2006

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2176/nmc.32.566

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The clinical usefulness of the postauricular response (PAR) in the evaluation of motor paresis was studied in 105 patients with intracranial lesions and 25 normal volunteers. Click stimuli at 90 dB hearing level were delivered in each ear, and PARs recorded from bilateral posterior auricular muscles with reference to the vertex (Cz). No volunteer demonstrated PAR in the relaxed posture, but in tensed postures increasing muscle tone PARs were elicited with a latency of 11.5 ± 0.7 msec and an amplitude of 6.2 ± 2.8μV. Sixty-two patients (59%) had high-amplitude PARs in the relaxed posture. PARs were enhanced more frequently in paretic patients than in non-paretic patients (p < 0.01). In subcortical lesions, the PAR latency had a significant correlation with the degree of motor paresis (p < 0.005). In patients, the enhanced PAR amplitude suggested the presence of motor paresis associated with deep-seated mass lesions. The enhanced response is thought to be associated with dysfunction of the pyramidal and extrapyramidal tracts.

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Stereotactic Radiosurgery Using a Linear Accelerator

Yoshikazu KYUMA, Akimune HAYASHI, Tatsuo KITAMURA, Koosuke YAMASHITA, ...

1992 Volume 32 Issue 8 Pages 572-577
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: June 20, 2006

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2176/nmc.32.572

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A basic and clinical study of radiosurgery using the linear accelerator (Linac) system for unremovable deep-seated brain tumors is reported. A Komai stereotactic ring was used to locate the target coordinates. The patient was laid on the Linac treatment table and held in the head fixation system. Irradiation was given in five positions. The dose profile by film dosimetry and Rando phantom was satisfactory. Seventeen tumors in 14 patients were treated. Clinical or histological diagnoses were nine metastases, one benign and two malignant gliomas, one meningioma, and one craniopharyngioma. Tumor sizes were between 8 and 30 mm. Doses were between 12 and 30 Gy. Computed tomographic evaluation after 3 months of 12 tumors in 11 survivors showed one complete remission, three partial remission, six no change, and two partial deterioration. For progressive tumors, Linac radiosurgery results are excellent.

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Angiographically Occult Arteriovenous Malformation in the Septal Region —Case Report—

Hirofumi OYAMA, Junzo ISHIYAMA, Tatsuo TAKAHASHI

1992 Volume 32 Issue 8 Pages 578-580
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: June 20, 2006

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2176/nmc.32.578

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An occult arteriovenous malformation (AVM) in the septal region occurred in a 14-year-old boy, manifesting as headache and vomiting. Computed tomography showed a high-density mass in the septal region, faintly enhanced postcontrast. Mild hydrocephalus was also seen. Angiography revealed no abnormalities other than hydrocephalic signs. The lesion was totally removed by the transventricular approach after corticotomy of the left frontal lobe. The histological diagnosis was AVM. He was discharged without neurological or endocrinological deficits.

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Foramen Magnum Meningioma and Arachnoid Cyst Coinciding in the Lateral Cerebellomedullary Cistern —Case Report—

Kiyoyuki YANAKA, Akio HYODO, Hiroyuki FUJIMORI, Yoshihiko YOSHII, Tada ...

1992 Volume 32 Issue 8 Pages 581-584
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: June 20, 2006

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2176/nmc.32.581

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An extremely rare foramen magnum meningioma associated with an arachnoid cyst in the lateral cerebellomedullary cistern occurred in a 65-year-old female presenting with dizziness. Neuroimaging revealed a meningioma at the left lateral edge of the foramen magnum and an arachnoid cyst mainly located in the right lateral cerebellomedullary cistern, compressing the medulla oblongata bilaterally. After fenestration of the cyst wall and tumor removal, the clinical symptoms ameliorated. We recommend that where a foramen magnum tumor coexists with an arachnoid cyst of the posterior fossa, the tumor should be removed after shrinking the cyst to obviate the need for brainstem retraction.

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Enlargement of Cerebellar Arteriovenous Malformation Associated with Fenestration of the Vertebral Artery —Case Report—

Hisanori YOSHIMOTO, Hitoshi MAEDA, Hideyuki AOYAMA, Junichi KANAZAWA, ...

1992 Volume 32 Issue 8 Pages 585-588
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: June 20, 2006

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2176/nmc.32.585

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We report a 30-year-old male case of an enlarged cerebellar arteriovenous malformation (AVM) associated with fenestration of the vertebral artery. Hemodynamic stress resulting from fenestration of the feeding system of AVM was probably an important factor in the enlargement of the small cerebellar AVM.

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Transpetrosal Extreme Lateral Suboccipital Approach for Extensive Posterior Fossa Epidermoid Cyst —Case Report—

Ahmed DIRAZ, Shigeaki KOBAYASHI, Kazuhiko KYOSHIMA, Chuetsu NAGASAKI, ...

1992 Volume 32 Issue 8 Pages 589-592
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: June 20, 2006

DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2176/nmc.32.589

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A new transpetrosal extreme lateral suboccipital approach was adopted to totally remove an extensive posterior fossa epidermoid cyst in a 36-year-old male. The pathological behavior of intracranial epidermoid cysts may impose surgical problems during removal of the tumor. However, planning based on neuroimaging allows optimum access to tumors and microsurgery achieves safer and more complete removal.

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