Neurologia medico-chirurgica
Online ISSN : 1349-8029
Print ISSN : 0470-8105
ISSN-L : 0470-8105
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Volume 56, Issue 3
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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Review Articles
  • Recent Progress in Cell Reprogramming Technology for Cell Transplantation Therapy
    Toru YAMASHITA, Koji ABE
    2016 Volume 56 Issue 3 Pages 97-101
    Published: 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: March 15, 2016
    Advance online publication: February 15, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2176/nmc.ra.2015-0309
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    The discovery of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells opened the gate for reprogramming technology with which we can change the cell fate through overexpression of master transcriptional factors. Now we can prepare various kinds of neuronal cells directly induced from somatic cells. It has been reported that overexpression of a neuron-specific transcriptional factors might change the cell fate of endogenous astroglia to neuronal cells in vivo. In addition, some research groups demonstrated that chemical compound can induce chemical-induced neuronal cells, without transcriptional factors overexpression. In this review, we briefly review recent progress in the induced neuronal (iN) cells, and discuss the possibility of application for cell transplantation therapy.
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  • Cell Therapy for Parkinson’s Disease
    Asuka MORIZANE, Jun TAKAHASHI
    2016 Volume 56 Issue 3 Pages 102-109
    Published: 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: March 15, 2016
    Advance online publication: February 25, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2176/nmc.ra.2015-0303
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    In Parkinson’s disease (PD), dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra are degenerated and lost. Cell therapy for PD replaces the lost dopamine neurons by transplanting donor dopamine neural progenitor cells. Cell therapy for PD has been performed in the clinic since the 1980s and uses donor cells from the mesencephalon of aborted embryos. Regenerative medicine for PD using induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell technology is drawing attention, because it offers a limitless and more advantageous source of donor cells than aborted embryos.
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  • History of Neural Stem Cell Research and Its Clinical Application
    Yasushi TAKAGI
    2016 Volume 56 Issue 3 Pages 110-124
    Published: 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: March 15, 2016
    Advance online publication: February 16, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2176/nmc.ra.2015-0340
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    “Once development was ended…in the adult centers, the nerve paths are something fixed and immutable. Everything may die, nothing may be regenerated,” wrote Santiago Ramón y Cajal, a Spanish neuroanatomist and Nobel Prize winner and the father of modern neuroscience. This statement was the central dogma in neuroscience for a long time. However, in the 1960s, neural stem cells (NSCs) were discovered. Since then, our knowledge about NSCs has continued to grow. This review focuses on our current knowledge about NSCs and their surrounding microenvironment. In addition, the clinical application of NSCs for the treatment of various central nervous system diseases is also summarized.
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Original Articles
  • Importance of 123I-ioflupane SPECT and Myocardial MIBG Scintigraphy to Determine the Candidate of Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson’s Disease
    Takashi ASAHI, Daina KASHIWAZAKI, Tatsuya YONEYAMA, Kyo NOGUCHI, Satos ...
    2016 Volume 56 Issue 3 Pages 125-131
    Published: 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: March 15, 2016
    Advance online publication: January 20, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2176/nmc.oa.2015-0234
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    123I-ioflupane SPECT (DaTscan) is an examination that detects presynaptic dopamine neuronal dysfunction, and has been used as a diagnostic tool to identify degenerative parkinsonism. Additionally, myocardial 123I-metaiodobenzyl guanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy measures the concentration of cardiac sympathetic nerve fibers and is used to diagnose Parkinson’s disease (PD). These exams are used as adjuncts in the diagnosis of parkinsonism, however, the relationship of these two examinations are not well-known. We investigated the relationship of these two scanning results specifically for determining the use of deep brain stimulation therapy (DBS). Subjects were Japanese patients with suspected striatonigral degeneration, including PD; DaTscans and myocardial MIBG scintigraphy were performed. The mean values of the left-right specific binding ratios (SBRs) from the DaTscan, and the early/delayed heart-to-mediastinum ratios (HMRs) from the MIBG scintigraphy were calculated. Using simple linear regression analysis, we compared the SBR and early/delayed HMR values. Twenty-four patients were enrolled in this study. Twenty-one patients were positive via the DaTscan, and the MIBG scintigraphy results showed 14 patients were positive. SBR and both early and delayed HMR were positively correlated in cases of PD, but negative in non-PD cases. A mean SBR value less than 3.0 and a delayed HMR value less than 1.7 indicated a Hoehn-Yahr stage 3 or 4 for PD, which is commonly regarded as a level appropriate for initiating DBS therapy. Our results indicate that performing both DaTscan and MIBG scintigraphy is useful for the evaluation of surgical intervention in PD.
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  • Neuro-Interventions for the Neonates with Brain Arteriovenous Fistulas: With Special Reference to Access Routes
    Masaki KOMIYAMA, Aiko TERADA, Tomoya ISHIGURO
    2016 Volume 56 Issue 3 Pages 132-140
    Published: 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: March 15, 2016
    Advance online publication: February 05, 2016
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2176/nmc.oa.2015-0336
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    Neonatal neuro-intervention is challenging. The purpose of this article is to report the neuro-intervention for the neonates with brain arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs), with special reference to access routes. Fifteen neonates (12 boys and 3 girls) who underwent neuro-intervention within the first 14 days of life were ‐included. Their diagnoses included vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation (6), dural sinus malformations with arteriovenous (AV) shunts (6), pial AVF (2), and epidural AVF (1). Birth weight ranged from 1,538 g to 3,778 g (mean 2,525 g). Neuro-interventions, especially access routes, in the neonatal periods (< 1 month) were retrospectively reviewed. All neonates presented with severe cardiac failure. In total, 29 interventions (mean 1.9) were performed within 1 month. Although 12 neonates with birth weight more than 2,700 g could be treated through transfemoral arterial routes, 3 neonates with birth weight less than 2,200 g could not be treated successfully by femoral arterial routes. Interventions were performed through 19 femoral arterial, 3 femoral venous, 2 umbilical arterial, 3 umbilical venous, 3 transcardiac, and 2 direct carotid routes. Their overall outcomes were six good recovery, one moderate disability, two severe disabilities, one vegetative state, and five deaths with a mean follow-up period of 7 years 2 months. Neuro-intervention for the neonates with birth weight more than 2,700 g can be performed by femoral arterial routes using a 4F sheath. For those with birth weight less than 2,200 g, however, alternative access routes are required.
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Technical Note
  • Development of and Clinical Experience with a Simple Device for Performing Intraoperative Fluorescein Fluorescence Cerebral Angiography: Technical Notes
    Tsuyoshi ICHIKAWA, Kyouichi SUZUKI, Yoichi WATANABE, Taku SATO, Jun SA ...
    2016 Volume 56 Issue 3 Pages 141-149
    Published: 2016
    Released on J-STAGE: March 15, 2016
    Advance online publication: November 24, 2015
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2176/nmc.tn.2015-0188
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    To perform intraoperative fluorescence angiography (FAG) under a microscope without an integrated FAG function with reasonable cost and sufficient quality for evaluation, we made a small and easy to use device for fluorescein FAG (FAG filter). We investigated the practical use of this FAG filter during aneurysm surgery, revascularization surgery, and brain tumor surgery. The FAG filter consists of two types of filters: an excitatory filter and a barrier filter. The excitatory filter excludes all wavelengths except for blue light and the barrier filter passes long waves except for blue light. By adding this FAG filter to a microscope without an integrated FAG function, light from the microscope illuminating the surgical field becomes blue, which is blocked by the barrier filter. We put the FAG filter on the objective lens of the operating microscope correctly and fluorescein sodium was injected intravenously or intra-arterially. Fluorescence (green light) from vessels in the surgical field and the dyed tumor were clearly observed through the microscope and recorded by a memory device. This method was easy and could be performed in a short time (about 10 seconds). Blood flow of small vessels deep in the surgical field could be observed. Blood flow stagnation could be evaluated. However, images from this method were inferior to those obtained by currently commercially available microscopes with an integrated FAG function. In brain tumor surgery, a stained tumor on the brain surface could be observed using this method. FAG could be performed with a microscope without an integrated FAG function easily with only this FAG filter.
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Editorial Committee
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