The parathyroid gland of n e wts, Triturus pyrrhogaster (Boié), in the spring season was electron-microscopically studied, and compared with that in natural hibernation observed previously.
The parenchyma consisted of “basal c e lls” and “suprabasal cells”. In the latter, mitochondria, granular endoplasmic reticula, small dense granules with a loose fitting membrane, round homogeneously dense bodies, and vacuolar bodies (multivesicular b o dies)seemed to be increased in number and Golgi apparatus were somewhat enlarged, while glycogen granules and heterogeneously d ense masses (lipofuscin pigment-like bodies) appeared decreased in num b er, when contrasted to those under natural hibernation.
Such alterations of cell organelles an d inclusion bodies in frequency are thought to be an indication of active cellular functio n. In addition, mutual correlations of these inclusion bodies w e re discussed.

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There was hardly any mo r p hological difference between monkeyand man in the Serratus posterior inferior. In other words, this muscle located in the lower part of the dorsal thoracic region, arises from the lower thoracic vertebrae, upper lumbar vertebrae and the lumbodorsal fascia below, and inserts into the ribs by digitations.
1) The upper limit of the area of origin was the eighth thoracic: vertebra in monkey and the ninth thoracic vertebra in man. The extent of the area of origin was greater in monkey than in man.
2) At the insertion, digitations were formed which attach to the lower edge of the ribs and some extended to the dorsal surface of the rib.
The area of insertion was located between the lateral edge of the Iliocostalis and the costal origin of the Obliquus abdominis externus. The location and number of digitations most frequently were symmetrical. The ribs into which this muscle inserted were most frequently the eighth to 12th ribs in monkey and the ninth to 12th ribs in man, while the number of digitations was five in monkey and three to four in man.
Furthermore, the highest and lowest digitations were poorlydeveloped in comparison with other digitations.
3) The highest digitation of this muscle and the lowest digitation of the Serratus posterior superior were usually separated by two to three intercostal spaces in monkey and by four to five intercostal, spaces in man.
4) Examination of the relation with other muscles showed that the digitations which insert into the ninth and upper ribs in monk ey overlie the Intercostalis externus, but the digitations which attach to lower ribs than the tenth were located beneath the Intercostalis. externus. In man, however, even the digitations that insert into the lower ribs overlapped the Intercostalis externus.
In monkey, various patterns which sugg e st a close relation between this muscle and the Intercostales externus and internus,, Obliquus abdominis externus or the Obliquus abdominis internus were seen.
5) The digitation formed at the insertion into the ribs is, as in the case of the Serratus posterior superior, not always a single insepa rable muscle but may consist of a number of areas forming the structural unit (muscle sheets) and such muscle sheets (unit areas)sometimes formed layers, but the layer formation is poor and not distinct in comparison with of the Serratus posterior superior.
According to the combination of such structural u n its (muscle sheets), it was possible to make a classification into five types, or a total of 10 types including further subdivisions. In monkey and man the most frequent type was that in which there is separation into three muscle sheets and arranged in two layers.
6) The nerve supply was by the branch of the intercostal nerve and as a rule by the same branch as that innervating the Intercostalis externus. Occasionally, it may be supplied by the same branch as that to the Intercostalis internus and in rare cases there may be digitations which are innervated by the same branch as that supplying both the Intercostales externus and internus.

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