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Volume 35 (1960)
- Issue 5-6 Pages 311-
- Issue 4 Pages 243-
- Issue 1-3 Pages 11-
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Volume 35, Issue 5-6
Displaying 1-8 of 8 articles from this issue
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Kenjiro Yasuda, Hitoshi Furusawa, Osamu Saeki1960 Volume 35 Issue 5-6 Pages 311-327
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
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Tsunenobu Yasugawa1960 Volume 35 Issue 5-6 Pages 329-344
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe stream of body hairs of 100 cadavers of adult Macacus cyclopsis (50 male,50 female) was observed and the following findings were obtained. The parts examined were the trunk and extremities.
1. Dorsal Region of Trunk
The hair streams of the back are continuations from the hair stream of the head and form a dispersive line over the spinal column, i. e., the midline, from which the descending hair stream gradually spread out. Those in the middle are continuous with the hair stream of the tail while those of the upper lateral region cross over the scapular region to become the hair stream of the upper extremity. The hair streams spreading down toward the lateral chest unite with the hair streams of the anterior chest and descend. to the flank where they continue with the hair streams of the abdominal region. In the dorso-lumbar region, the hair streams located in the lateral part continue with the hair streams of the lateral surface of the lower extremity while those in the medial part curve outward and run to the callus and the perineal region. There is considerable individual variation in the angle of the dispersive lines and sometimes the hair stream is disarranged by the formation of whorls, convergent points and dispersive points which generally are located in the region corresponding to the spina scapulae or along the spinal line.View full abstractDownload PDF (2322K) -
I. Observations on the Thymolymphatic Organs of Young Mature Albino RatsTakeo Kawamura1960 Volume 35 Issue 5-6 Pages 345-365
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. In a series of young mature albino male rats from a subline colony of the Wistarstrain weighing around 200g, cell counts and mitotic counts have been performed in sections from different regions of the thymolymphatic organs, at successive intervals from 2 to 8 hours after the subcutaneous injection of colchicine in a dose of 0.10mg per 100g of body weight.
2. Among different regions of the thymolymphatic organs, the highest mitotic activity was observed in the proliferating centers of Flemming's secondary nodules, not only in the mesenteric lymph node but also in the splenic white pulp, as well as in the Peyer's patches. Among the Flemming's nodules, those of the splenic white pulp appeared to be the most active.
3. In the mesenteric lymph nodes, the medullary cords also were found to be important sites of cell production, though much less active than the Flemmin g's nodules with respect to cell proliferation. On the other hand, the cortical lymphatic tissue other than the Flemming's nodules, including the so-called “solid secondary nodules” and “pseudo-secondary nodules”, did not appear to participate in cell production so actively as the medullary cords.
4. The thymic cortex, the superficial layer in par ticulare, showed high mitotic activity next to the proliferating centers of Flemming's nodules. Since, however, dividing cells were rather uniformly distributed in the thymus, the mitotic activity in this organ as a whole was estimated to be much greater than that in the mesenteric lymph nodes.
5. The splenic white pulp as well as Peyer's patches were found to participate in lymphocytopoiesis as actively as mesenteric lymph nodes.6. T he possible error in determination of the mitotic index in sections were discussed, which are due to the differences in nuclear size between resting and dividing cells.View full abstractDownload PDF (6079K) -
II. A Comparative Study on Lymph Nodes from Different Parts of the Body of Young Mature Albino RatsTakeo Kawamura1960 Volume 35 Issue 5-6 Pages 367-373
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. As a continuation of the previous studies on the variations in the mitotic activity in different regions of the thymolymphatic organs, a number of observations have been made of the variations in the rate of cell mutiplication among various lymph nodes from different part of the body of young mature albino rats.
2. While the proliferating centers of Flemming's secondary nodules showed little variation in the mitotic activity among various lymph nodes, considerable variability was observed in the values of the mitotic index obtained for the medullary cords.
3. As far as the mitotic activity in the m edullary cords are concerned, the secondary lymph nodes receiving efferent lymph from one or several lymph nodes were generally much less active than the primary lymph nodes reciving peripheral lymph which has not yet passed through a lymph node, except for the mesenteric lymph node which are to be classified as the secondary lymph nodes.
4. Since there was considerable variation in the deg r ee of development of Flemming's secondary nodules among various lymph nodes, the mitotic activity of the whole cortex also appeared to vary considerably, although the mitotic rates in the Flemming's secondary nodules themselves were subject to little variation.View full abstractDownload PDF (954K) -
Michihiko Okada1960 Volume 35 Issue 5-6 Pages 375-402
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. In an attempt to make possible a direct calculation of the total number of cells newly produced by mitosis per day in the bone marrow, a series of determinations have been made of the mitotic index of bone marrow of young mature male albino rats weighing around 200g, before and at successive intervals after the subcutaneous injection of colchicine in a dose of 0.10 mg per 100 g of body weight.
2. Normal values of the mitotic index of bone marrow were found to be for the erythrocytic series 36.1±2.8 per thousand nucleated red cells and for the granulocytic series 8.9±1.1 per thousand granulocytes (14.8±2.4 per thousand non-segmented granulocytes).
3. The total percentages of mitoses per day were estimated to be 134.8-151.6% for the erythrocytic series,23.9-25.4% for the total granulocytes,26.0-28.0% for the neutrophils and 6.6-8.3% for the eosinophils; whereas the corresponding figures for the late form s alone were 105.4-122.5% for the erythrocytic series,10.6-11.3% for the total granulocytes, and 11.6-12.3% for the neutrophils.
4. Using the data of Awaya et al. (1960 ) on the total number of nucleated cells in the whole marrow, the average numbers of mitoses per day were computed to be (3,104-3,190)×106 for the erythrocytic series, (641-664)×106 for the total granulocytes, (614-547)×106 for the neutrophils, and (16.8-25.2)×106 for the eosinophils When mitoses of the late forms alone were taken into accunt, the corresponning figures turned out to be (2,418-2,579)×106 for the erythrocytic series, (287-294)×106 for the total granulocytes, and (271-291)×106 for the neutrophils.
5. On the basis of an assumption that only the late forms of bone marrow elements are the direct supply source of the circulating blood cells and using the data of Mon den (1959b) on total cellular numbers in the blood, the turnover times of cell populations in the blood were calculated to be 0.165-0.169 day (about 4hours) for the total granulocytes,0.161-0.172 day for the neutrophils,0.125-0.250 day for the eosinophils, and 44-47 days for the erythrocytes.
6. By a direct calculation from the figures obtained for the daily mitotic rates, the turnover time of each type of blood cells in the bone marrow was estimated to be 3.94-4.19 days for the total granulocytes (2.3 day for the non-segmented granulocytes),3.56-3.84 days for the neutrophils (1.9 days for the non-segmented neutrophils),12-15 days for the eosinophils, and 0.66-0.74 day for the nucleated red cells.
7. Besides, an indirect calculation of the turnover times of cell populations in the bone marrow was also made from Hoffman's formula, assuming that the mitotic time of dividing cells is of 1-hour or of 30-minute duration.View full abstractDownload PDF (3991K) -
Tetsuo Okazoe1960 Volume 35 Issue 5-6 Pages 403-423
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
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Michihiko Okada1960 Volume 35 Issue 5-6 Pages 425-436
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. As a continuation of the previous study of normal bone marrow, the influences of starvation, the repetition of bleeding and the parenteral administration of typhoid vaccine on the rate of cell production in the bone marrow of young mature albino rats have been investigated, using the colchicine method.
2. At 8-11 days of fasting, the ab s olute number of mitotic figures of the nucleated red cells, together with the erythroid cell population, was greatly reduced. The mitotic rate of the granulocytes as well as the myeloid cell population in the bone marrow did not show any remarkable changes.
3. Daily withdrawal of 2.0 -2.7 ml of blood by heart puncture produced, on the other hand, a considerable increase not only in the cell population but also in the mitotic rate of the nucleated red cells in the bone marrow. A maximal value of the mitotic index of these cells was about 300 per cent of normal at 5 days after the initiation of bleeding. The mitotic activity of the granulocytes in the bone marrow remained almost unchanged.
4. After the intraperitoneal i n jection of the Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccine (Takeda) in a dose of 0.4 ml per 100 g body weight, there occurred a marked neutrophilic leukocytosis with a simultaneous rise of the mitotic index of the granulocytes in the bone marrow, the neutrophils in particular, reaching its maximum at 12 hours after injection. By that time, the mitotic index of these cells rose to 500 to 600 per cent of normal value. However, the cell population of the granulocytic series did not appear to increase after injection.View full abstractDownload PDF (1387K) -
Hiroshi Adachi1960 Volume 35 Issue 5-6 Pages 437-441
Published: 1960
Released on J-STAGE: September 24, 2012
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSImmature mice of both sexes were injected every other day with 0.05 or 0.45 mg of salivary gland hormone (“Parotin” prepared by Teikoku Hormon Mfg. Co., Ltd. ) from 30 days of age onward. Animals were killed at 39 and 49 days of age. Pituitaries obtained were histologically examined.
Acidophiles indicated de g ranulation and enlargement of the cytoplasm, but the occurrence of acidophiles did not vary from that in the normal controls. These changes were more marked than in mature mice dealt with in the previous study (Adachi, '60).View full abstractDownload PDF (848K)
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