The proliferation of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and peroxisomes in hepatocytes after phenobarbital administration was stereologically analysed for neonatal and adult ddY male mice. Animals received daily intraperitoneal injections of phenobarbital in a dosage of 35 mg per Kg body weight at 1 and 2 days after birth or for 2 days for the adult. Adult animals were also injected with 150 mg per Kg for 7 days. The animals were killed about 24hours after the last injection. In neonatal animals, phenobarbital administration caused similar amount of smooth endoplasmic reticulum proliferation both in centrilobular and periportal hepatocytes. In adult animals, however, the proliferation occurred only in centrilobular cells after administration of 35 mg per Kg for 2 days, and predominantly in centrilobular cells (not by morphometry) even after administration of 150 mg per Kg for 7 days. Peroxisomes proliferated in centrilobular cells from adult animals injected with 35 mg per Kg for 2 days. The results suggest that there are some differences in the nature of response to phenobarbital between neonatal and fully differentiated adult hepatocytes.

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We subjected secretory and ciliated cells from the epithelium of the ampulla and isthmus of rabbit oviduct to lectin reaction. Type I mucins were present on the surface of secretory cells and the cilia of ciliated cells in both the ampulla and isthmus. Type II mucins, in granular form, were observed in the infranuclear part of secretory cells from the isthmus. The Con A reactivity of cytoplasm of ciliated cells was increased by periodic acid oxidation, suggesting the presence of glycogen. This glycogen showed the same reactivity as that previously reported for the tract of the sublingual and submaxillary gland; it differed from hepatic glycogen. Rabbit oviductal mucins were not identical to the typical type III mucins previously observed in the mucous epithelium of gastrointestinal tract. This suggests that gastrointestinal tract mucins and oviductal mucins may not have the same properties.

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The anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries were examined in 31 upper extremities of 18 Japanese adults, with the main emphasis being laid on the anastomoses between them. After arising from the axillary artery, the anterior circumflex artery passed laterally deep to the biceps brachii, and on the lateral side of the long head of the biceps, it was divided into the following four arteries,1) ascending branch to the shoulder joint,2) descending branch to the insertion of the pectroralis major,3) transverse branch to the periosteum of the humerus and 4) muscular branch to the deltoideus. The last two were concerned with the anastomoses between the two circumflex arteries. The authors could observe the anastomoses in less than half of the examined cases macroscopically, but most of them formed part of the arterial network on the periosteum of the humerus or were found within the deltoid muscle. If defined in a strict sense and taking only the cases into consideration in which they were found outside the muscle as moderately thick branches, anastomoses were observed in only 4cases (13%). The anterior circumflex artery was mainly distributed to the periosteum, joint capsule and muscle tendon, whereas the posterior circumflex artery was distributed to the deltoid muscle. The origin of the former was fairly constant, arising from the stem of the axillary artery deep to the median nerve, but the latter had a variable origin. No compensating relations were observed between the two. In conclusion, it was found that these two arteries did not have such an intimate relationship with each other as most textbooks of anatomy have described.

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Morphological changes in the pika cecal mucosa from the late fetal stage to the adult stage were observed mainly by scanning electron microscopy and were compared with those of the rabbit. The cecal mucosa of both the rabbit and the pika could always be divided into two portions, that is, a protruded region and a basal region.
The basal region of the pika cecum showed a similar morphological change to that of the rabbit cecum in that the basal regions of both the pika and the rabbit were covered with columnar or round villi from the late fetal stage to 5 days after birth. After 10 days, villi disappeared and as a result their basal regions exhibited irregular short ridges.
By contrast, the protruded region of the pika cecum showed a different developmental process from that of the rabbit cecum. The protruded region of the rabbit showed a fold at 25 days of gestation and developed progressively in accordance with age to form the spiral fold. In the pika cecum, the protruded region also revealed a fold at the late fetal stage, but the fold divided into many hump-like protrusions after birth and formed cecal digitations at 5 days after birth. After 5 days, the cecal digitations were gradually transformed from a short columnar to a long columnar shape and finally to a flat slender form at the adult stage.

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Lamellar bodies in the lung of salamanders, Hynobius Nebulosus, are concentrically lamellated, round, oval, or sometimes elongated bodies and divided into two types morphologically. The first type is an evenly lamellate body and found mainly in the respiratory epithelial cell. It might originate from mitochondria because of having a double membrane structure in the outermost layer of its immature type. The second type is composed of an outer highly dense layer with compact lamellar structures and an inner, less dense layer with more loose lamellae, being observed in the ciliated cells. It has no double membrane in the outermost layer. Sometimes, abundant small immature bodies of the second type are observed close to the Golgi lamellae or vacuoles some of which contain a highly dense material. The second type of lamellar body might arise from the Golgi Apparatus. A modified first type which resembles the first type but differs in detail, occurs in the mucous cell. With maturing, in the first type and some of the modified first type the entire lamellae become loose, but in the second type and some of the modified first type only the inner layer does, and the outer dense layer remains unchanged. Thus matured lamellar bodies are released into the alveolar space by exocytosis. The released lamellar bodies first retain to some degree the structures characteristic of each type, and especially, the dense outer layer shows a crystalloid structure, which consists of parallel straight lamellae placed at right angles toward the outer surface. Loose lattice-like structures, which seem to correspond to tubular myelin, were occasionally observed in the inner layer of some secreted lamellar bodies with an outer dense layer. In addition, some membranes composing the loose lattice-like structure are directly continuous with the membranes derived from the crystalloid. These results suggest that the surfactant of the lung of Hynobius nebulosus contains tubular myelin and that the tubular myelin may originate from the outer compact layer of type II and/or modified type I lamellar bodies.

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A sensitive immunoperoxidase technique was developed by combining PAP and ABC procedures for the purpose of applying them to immunohistochemical study using monoclonal antibodies. Using the monoclonal antibody to prostatic acid phosphatase as the primary layer, the sites of acid phosphatase were visualized in nontumorous prostate tissue even at a 1: 12,500 dilution of the antibody, followed by application of the PAP + ABC procedure. This technique was found to be more sensitive than either PAP or ABC procedure alone. The high sensitivity obtained with this procedure may be attributable to multiple HRP molecules bound to the antibodies through the treatment with both PAP and ABC complexes.

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