Japanese Journal of Southeast Asian Studies
Online ISSN : 2424-1377
Print ISSN : 0563-8682
ISSN-L : 0563-8682
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Volume 22, Issue 1
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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Special Issue
Images of the Southeast Asian World
  • Editor's Note
    Kenji Tsuchiya
    1984 Volume 22 Issue 1 Pages 3-5
    Published: July 14, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20495/tak.22.1_3
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • A Note on the Character of the Petty States in Insular Southeast Asia
    Yoshihiro Tsubouchi
    1984 Volume 22 Issue 1 Pages 6-14
    Published: July 14, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20495/tak.22.1_6
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    This article is a supplement to the same author's previous paper on the population and character of traditional communities in Southeast Asia. Except in Java and some other localities, the populations in this area were, until the last years of the 19th century, characterized by their sparcity, diversity, smallness, and mutual independence. Despite their substantial political independence, these petty states often recognized the authority of an externally located Center. The nature of this spiritual dependence was clearly distinct from subordination to a physical power, and leaders often obtained legitimacy through blood or titles recognized or granted by the Center. The petty states in Negeri Sembilan provide a good model, which may be applicable to other, bigger states of the area.
     Some recent schemes for understanding the traditional Southeast Asian polities, including Milner's kerajaan, Wolter's overlapping mandalas, and Geertz's theatre state are also reviewed in reference to the author's scheme.
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  • A Study on Symbolism in Hindu Architecture
    Hideo Noguchi
    1984 Volume 22 Issue 1 Pages 15-21
    Published: July 14, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20495/tak.22.1_15
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Hindu architecture, in addition to its functional aspects, is an expression of Hindu cosmology. Mānasāra Vāstuśāstra, an ancient treatise on Hindu architecture, expounds four norms through which this cosmology is expressed: (1) a system of measurement, (2) a series of graphic patterns, (3) a range of component types of architecture, and (4) the specification of construction materials. Each of these is understood to represent a certain phase of the cosmos. In Southeast Asia, as in India, these norms historically were applied to architecture, as well as to literature. Closer examination of sclected historic monuments in Southeast Asia reveals, however, a wider variety of architectural plans, probably due to the influence of the more flexible indigenous concept of space.
     These historic monuments of the Region are regarded as important cultural heritages and are being restored in the overall framework of the development plans of the area.
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  • Notes on Phraratchaphongsawadan
    Yoneo Ishii
    1984 Volume 22 Issue 1 Pages 22-33
    Published: July 14, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20495/tak.22.1_22
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    This brief note attempts to delineate the process by which the conventionally accepted periodization of Thai history based upon the shift of royal capitals has been formulated from the limited source materials available, and thereby to remind students of Thai history of the importance of internal textual criticism of historical sources, as was aptly pointed out by Dr. Nidhi Aeusrivongse in his recent studies on the history of Ratanakosin dynasty.
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  • Time and Space of the Javanese Chronicle ‘Babad Tanah Jawi’:
    The Pujanggas' World View in the Divided Kingdom of Mataram
    Masaaki Miyasaka
    1984 Volume 22 Issue 1 Pages 34-52
    Published: July 14, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20495/tak.22.1_34
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The ‘Babad Tanah Jawi’ was begun in the 17th century, but was largely written and compiled in the 18th century, when the Mataram Dynasty began to be enclosed and isolated by the V.O.C. (The Dutch East India Company). The content of the manuscripts remaining in the Yogyakarta and Surakarta courts is roughly divided between the main trends of the two courts.
     This paper deals with ‘Babad’ entries concerning the Hindu kingdom of Majapahit, Islam in the Pasisir district (Java's North Coast), and the V.O.C. at Batavia, in terms of their time sequence and the expansion or contraction of the space of the Mataram kingdom.
     Under such serious circumstances as the political and economic isolation of the Mataram court by the Dutch, the authors of the ‘Babad’, the pujanggas, tried to escape from the outer world into the inner world of literature. They revived the glorious past of Majapahit in contemporaneous events, and they incorporated into the ‘Babad’ foreign elements of Islam and the V.O.C., not as heterogeneous but as homogeneous elements, as, for example, in the episodes of the ‘Wali Sanga’ (Nine Saints), or Jangkung in the Baron Sakender story. Throughout the chronicle, the pujanggas shift back and forth in time and space, like the native Goddess of the Southern Ocean, in order to assert or protect the true kingship of the Mataram rulers.
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  • Kartini's Image of Java's Landscape
    Kenji Tsuchiya
    1984 Volume 22 Issue 1 Pages 53-74
    Published: July 14, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20495/tak.22.1_53
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Kartini (1879–1904) is unique in the intellectual history of modern Indonesia. On the one hand, she is adored in the nation's ‘hagiography’ as an early advocate of nationalist sentiment and an emancipator of Java's women from ‘feudalism’. On the other, she has been sympathetically accepted in Dutch literature as a representative figure either of Ethical Colonial Policy or of the ‘Tempo Doeloe’, ‘The Old (Golden) Days’.
     This paper discusses this figure in relation to particular cultural phenomena of late 19th century of Java. Three points are presented with special reference to Kartini's descriptions of Java's landscape in the Door Duisternis Tot Licht (“Through Darkness Towards Light”), the collections of her letters to Dutch friends.
     First, the descriptions, which are full of ‘cliches’, reflect accurately the contemporary ‘mestizo culture’ of colonial Java. From the late 19th century the ‘mestizo culture’, typically expressed in the pictures of ‘the Beautiful Indies’ and the croncong melodies, enjoyed growing popularity both among the Dutch and Eurasian societies and the Javanese aristocracy. Second, the Dutch language was indispensable to her description of Java's landscape. Dutch functioned as a highly efficient lens through which she was able to gaze at not only the natural landscape but also the landscape of the colonized society. Both Dutch and Javanese societies in colonized Java were brought sharply into focus through this lens. Third, Kartini was a forerunner of the Indonesian nationalist movement in the sense that she convincingly gave ‘nationality’ to the landscape. Removed from the ‘mestizo’ cultural milieu, the landscape she described was, thus, a ‘naturalized’ Javanese (Indonesian) landscape.
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  • The Sundanese and Their World
    Yoshinori Murai
    1984 Volume 22 Issue 1 Pages 75-91
    Published: July 14, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20495/tak.22.1_75
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    This essay is an attempt to discuss the ethnic character of Sundanese (orang Sunda) who mainly live in West Java. Although they are the second major ethnic group in Indonesia, it seems that their ethnic character is less conspicuous than that of the Javanese, Minangkabau or Bataks. The Sundanese have their own traditional world (alam Sunda) by which they are distinguished from other ethnic groups. The elements of alam Sunda are : (1) Sundanese language (basa Sunda), (2) distinctive legends, myths, folktales and adat (customary law), (3) a unique image of the dwelling area (kampung) and its surrounding landscape, which consists of dense forests in the mountain areas, hills and brooks around the kampung, rice fields (sawah, serang), palm trees and bamboo groves near the kampung and so on.
     The Sundanese world is hierarchic. It has a center and a periphery, defined in terms of social class and region. The center is the Priangan area, particularly Bandung, where historically the aristocratic and bureaucratic elites (menak) have been created by such outside powers as the Javanese and the Dutch. These elites are characterized by their ability to use refined language (basa lěměs).
     On the other hand, the world of common people is the world of unrefined (kasar) language. Kabayan, a hero of folktales, is a typical character of the kasar world. This character also has the potential to overthrow the hierarchic Sundanese class society, because the majority of the Sundanese belong to the kasar world and, like Kabayan, they sometimes criticize and fight against the ruling class. In this respect such a character as Kabayan might exist among oppressed people all over the world.
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  • Towards a Creative Use of the Alien Tongue:
    A Study of Singapore Literature in the English Language
    Miyuki Kosetsu
    1984 Volume 22 Issue 1 Pages 92-107
    Published: July 14, 1984
    Released on J-STAGE: May 31, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20495/tak.22.1_92
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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