This paper presents a hypothesis that corrosion of salt beds of the Mahasarakham formation has been the principal factor on the topography development in Northeast Thailand.
 Chapter 1 presents observation on salt-making which seems to have its origin in ancient periods some time in B.C.
 In Chapter 2 discussions are presented on the possible source of salt, and we agree to the hypothesis by Takaya et al. and Sompob, who sought the source to the clastic members of the Mahasarakham formation.
 Chapter 3 presents observations to indicate that, contrary to conventional view to presume thick clastic deposits covering the Mahasarakham formation, this formation is exposed directly on the ground surface. Because of this situation, salt crust is so common at valley floor where “short-distance interflow” seepages out.
 Chapter 4 presents a sinkhole hypothesis on the topography of Northeast Thailand. Salt dome development and its collapse due to the salt corrosion are presumed to be the cause of sinkhole topography. Each salt dome development causes an anticlinal dome which can be identified as an assemblage of turtle-back shaped polygons in the aerial photographs. In the course of corrosion, anticlinal dome collapses. This leads to the initiation of sinkhole topography. At advanced stages of corrosion, large-scale sinkholes are developed. This paper presents a first approximation for demarcating anticlinal salt domes and sinkholes based on LANDSAT imageries.
 Chapter 5 presents mass movement phenomena caused by sinkholes. Laterite pan and gravel beds retards this mass movement process. The conclusion of this paper is that Khorat Plateau is a corrosion basin. Location map of the sites mentioned in the text is given at the end of this paper (Fig. 29).

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The clay mineralogical composition of sediments in the coastal plain of Jambi and South Kalimantan was studied in order to find support for field observations. The Pleistocene terrace underneath the deep peat in the coastal plain of Jambi shows a predominance of the 1 : 1 type clay minerals (7.2Å). More recent sediments form uplifted tidal flats and mangrove deposits contain relatively higher amounts of the 14Å minerals than the Pleistocene terrace, although kaolin minerals still dominate these sediments.
 In South Kalimantan, the samples come only from recent sediments of tidal flats and mangrove deposits. Although all samples show a predominance of the 1 : 1 type clay minerals, they also contain appreciable amounts of 14Å minerals. The amount of 14Å minerals in recent sediments in South Kalimantan is higher than in Jambi.
 The recent levee materials are characterized by illite (10Å) and 14Å minerals. These clay minerals were transported by the river from the hinterland as weathering products.
 The transformation of clay mineral in the sediments was controlled by: (1) the sediment source, (2) the acid environment resulting from organic matter decomposition and pyrite oxidation, and (3) the marine environment.

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In 1910,J. Kats published the Sang Hyang Kamahāyānikan (SHK), including the text of the Sang Hyang Kamahāyānan Mantranaya (SHKM). In 1915, a Japanese scholar, Unrai Ogiwara, pointed out several parallel verses in the SHKM and the Chinese version of the Mahāvairocana-sūtra.
 In 1950, Shinten (Shiro) Sakai, also Japanese, identified verses 26 to 42 of the SHKM with verses in the Chinese and Tibetian translations of the Adhyardhaśa-tikāprajñāpāramitā-sūtra. I found the SHKM verses 10 & 11 equivalent to verses in the Sarvadurgatipari-śodhana-tantra, and identified verses 12 & 13 with phonetic transliteration in the Chinese translation of Tattvasaṃgraha. SHKM verse 13 was also found to be equivalent to verses in the Sarvadurgatipariśodhana-tantra and the Sarvavajrodaya; and verses 14 & 15 to verses in the Kriyāsaṃgrahapañjikā and verse 19 in the Sarvavajrodaya.
 According to Advayavajra of the late 10th century, Mahāyāna Buddhism was divided into two sects, Pāramitānaya and Mantranaya. Mantranaya was the esoteric form of Mahāyāna, which was, the later period, called Mantrayāna or vajrayāna. I believe that the SHKM was used as a manual for initiating new disciples into the Mantranaya sect in Old Java.
 After commenting on Mantranaya and giving a short history of Mantranaya Buddhism in Old Java, this paper discusses the SHK, focussing on the attainment of Buddhahood by means of breath control with the germ-syllable ‘am-ah’; and it describes the Javanese Mantranaya Mahāyāna pantheon, in which the Supreme Being, symbolized by Sang Hyang Diwarūpa, assumes the body of the Bhaṭāra Hyang Buddha, which then manifests itself as Bhaṭāra Ratnatraya (Śākyamuni, Lokeśwara and Bajrapāṇi) and Bhaṭāra Pañca Tathāgata.

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This article describes and analyzes the interaction between the student movement and the regime in Indonesia, with particular reference to the 1970s, which saw the institutionalization of the post-populist authoritarian regime and the advance of peripheral capitalism based upon the oil bonanza. To clarify the political context, I give a brief account of the genealogy of the authoritarian regime in the first section. I point out six major factors which boosted this : 1) the political culture, 2) the bureaucratic state apparatus inherited from the Dutch colonial era, 3) the decolonization (independence) process, 4) the process of state formation (centralization of power through suppression of armed rebellions and reorganization of armed forces), 5) the reorganization of the structure of power through destruction of peasant radicalism (communism), and 6) the dynamics of bureaucratic authoritarianism.
 Next I examine the student movement during the initial period (1970-1974) of the institutionalization of the authoritarian regime. I also point out several features of the changing socio-economic structure during the early 1970s : the expansion of the patronage system, the emergence of a new middle class, and manifest economic inequality. In this context, the student movement emerged again in 1977-78, triggered by the ‘expanding structure of political opportunity’.
 In the third section. I first chronicle the short history of the student movement during the period 1977-78. I then examine the perceptions of the student movement leaders as they appears in records of their defense speeches in court.
 The results of analysis can be summarized as follows. Political opportunities expanded and student organization was strengthened in mid-1977. Following a chain of events, the student movement became more active by cooperating with the anti-Suharto faction of the military elite. In this current of events, we notice the relation between the liberal political culture of youth on campus and the institutionalization of the authoritarian regime.
 The students' search for identity produced a critical movement, which came in contact with the institutionalization of the authoritarian regime and the operation of a patrimonial monopoly capitalist system based upon the oil bonanza. In other words, the students tried to enter into political discourse against the politics of authoritarianism, which was becoming a self-evident feature of everyday life. Although the student movement had several shortcomings and finally collapsed under suppression, it played an pivotal role in changing the type of ‘accumulation regime’ during the 1970s. Its function in the political process of the Indonesian authoritarian regime cannot be ignored, particularly in terms of democratization.

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In this paper, a macro econometric model MD83V1 is introduced, which is a revised version of Core Model-81.
 The national income statistics in Indonesia was radically reformed and improved in 1985: They are now consistent with the Input-Output Tables; the base year was changed from 1973 in the old statistics to 1983; private consumption, which was a discrepancy in the old definition, is calculated independently in the new definition, etc. Our model has also been improved in many ways: Imports and exports including oil and gas are analyzed as precisely as possible, wage is introduced as a variable in the price sector, a small sector of balance of payments is added to calculate endogenously balances on current account and basic transactions, etc. Therefore, MD83V1 may be a new model rather than a simple revision of Core Model-81. However, the new model still has various defects: Unexpected fluctuations of private investment affect variously the model as a whole, wage data are not reliable, the effect of the recent tax reform is not reflected in the model, and others.
 Despite these defects, the model seems to be useful for medium-term projection.

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