All issues
Volume 42, Issue 2
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
Articles
-
Health Risks and AwarenessSomluckrat Grandstaf, Waraporn Srisupan2004 Volume 42 Issue 2 Pages 111-131
Published: September 30, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSChemical agropesticide use in Thailand has been on an ever rising trend. As the process of agricultural intensification evolves, a large number of rice farmers in the irrigated area in Central Thailand no longer apply chemical agropesticides themselves but instead have been hiring others to do the task. This report describes the results of a study of the agropesticide contract sprayers. They were found to work both individually and in groups/teams, primarily on rice, but also on some other crops as well. Many had been contract sprayers much longer than five years which they themselves said should be the reasonable maximum. Virtually all had experienced acute pesticide poisoning to varying degrees, and a large majority had experience done or more incident of being “knocked out by the drug.” Most contract sprayers recognized that pesticide injury was serious and tried to protect and take care of themselves as best they could. However, both safety measures and treatments taken were clearly inadequate, seemingly because of several interacting factors: inadequate knowledge and awareness, lack of bargaining power, difficult local conditions, use of highly hazardous pesticides, and inadequate medical monitoring and treatment capabilities. Remedial actions are suggested.View full abstractDownload PDF (98K) -
Satoshi Yokoyama2004 Volume 42 Issue 2 Pages 132-156
Published: September 30, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper aims at clarifying the relationship between traditional forest use, ethnicity and settlement location in the mountainous area of northern Laos, by observing cash income activities, focusing particularly on non-timber forest product (NTFP) gathering.
As ethnic Lao settlements are located along the river, many households engage in nonagricultural activities. Khmu settlements are located throughout the whole region, with agriculture as the main activity of most households. Hmong settlements are located only in mountainous areas; almost all households have both rice farming and opium poppy cultivation asmain farming activities.
The most important activity contributing to cash income is NTFP gathering. A large quantity of NTFPs is grown as secondary vegetation after burning the forest for swidden agriculture. The most notable of these is the styrax tree (Styrax tonkinensis) which produces a balsamic resin known as benzoin. As a regeneration of styrax trees is performed in combination with swidden agriculture, this land use system of combined benzoin gathering and swidden agriculture is comparable to the concept of an agro-forestry. This type of forest use has long been practiced in the study area. However, the present study shows that this agro-forestry mode of forest use, or indigenous sustainable forest use system, is at risk of collapse, due to political regulations against forest utilization.View full abstractDownload PDF (284K) -
Insufficient Transport Capacity and the NortheastIchiro Kakizaki2004 Volume 42 Issue 2 Pages 157-187
Published: September 30, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis article aims to reveal the effect of railways on rice transport from the Northeast in wartime and postwar Thailand. Thai railways suffered insufficient transport capacity due to a shortage of rolling stock after the outbreak of World War II for two reasons: Thai rolling stock was requisitioned for Japanese military trains and the railway system gained unexpected “new line” in the “lost territory.” When Central Thailand, the main rice-producing center, had a poor harvest in 1942, the Japanese military was urged to return part of the rolling stock to deliver the rice from the Northeast or Battambang to Bangkok. The Japanese complied with the request to the extent of running a special rice train, but the rolling stock was soon reassigned again to military purposes, to the detriment of rice transport. After the war ended, Thailand tried to improve its situation through the delivery of rice to the Allies and the resumption of rice exports under the International Emergency Food Committee. As more rolling stock was urgently needed to increase rice transport from the Northeast and rice exports from the country, procurement was accomplished by bartering rice. However, the volume of rice transport did not exceed the prewar level even after the rehabilitation of rail transport. During the war, the stagnation of rail transport was not such a serious problem because rice production in the Northeast had also stagnated. The more serious problem occurred after the war as rice production grew rapidly in the Northeast and railways could not cope with the amount of rice dispatched from the region. As domestic transport demand continued to expand more than railway transport capacity, the railways no longer coped with it.View full abstractDownload PDF (163K) -
Chinese Nationalist (KMT) Troops and the Hill Tribes in Cold-War ThailandTatsuki Kataoka2004 Volume 42 Issue 2 Pages 188-207
Published: September 30, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper examines the formation of a modern state with demarcated borders in Thailand. The case taken into account is the presence of KMT (Kuomintang) Chinese troops in the northwestern borderlands, the Thai government's attempts to control them, and the hill tribes' adaptation to these circumstances from the 1950s through the 1980s. The analysis demonstrates that not addressing the occupation of its frontier by foreign armed groups in favor of anti-communist considerations, the Thai government's Cold War policy delayed the nation's official goal—the completion of a modern territorial state. It further shows the dual nature, or “official” and “unofficial” mechanisms, of modern state formation in Southeast Asia. The hill tribes in the anti-communist camp have exploited the “unofficial” side of this process as front-line soldiers against the communists inside and outside the nation. This dualism began to disappear only after the 1980s, when the government declared victory over the communist challenge.View full abstractDownload PDF (107K) -
The Dynamics of Indonesian Muslim Society from the View of Popular CultureTakuo Sasaki2004 Volume 42 Issue 2 Pages 208-230
Published: September 30, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper is an examination of the dynamics of Indonesian Muslim society, focusing upon ordinary Muslims' reaction to the growing Islamic revivalist movements of the post-Suharto era. The expansion of revivalist movements after the fall of the Suharto regime have caused ordinary Muslims a sort of mental perplexity; while willing to be good Muslims, they have not rejected secular elements of their life environment and have even required them as everyday necessities. It was Inul Daratista's performance that caused the transformation of this perplexity into actual opposition to the intervening Islamic revivalists. Inul is a female dangdut singer who recently became famous for her unique dancing style (goyang ngebor), which many Islamic activists have harshly denounced. Many ordinary Muslims have supported her because they think that her performance legitimately succeeds in the tradition of dangdut as their own popular culture, and that her stainless success story and honest behavior are more attractive than the“Islamic doctrine” asserted by revivalists. Ironically, their repulsion developed within the framework of Islam and Islamic ethical views. Their support for Inul takes the form of public commentary that criticizes the “hypocrisy” or formalism of the revivalists. It is in this activity by ordinary people that we can recognize a new cultural development in Indonesian Muslim society.View full abstractDownload PDF (137K)
Book Review
-
Yoshihiro Nakanishi2004 Volume 42 Issue 2 Pages 231-234
Published: September 30, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (38K)
Field Report
-
Patricio N. Abinales2004 Volume 42 Issue 2 Pages 235-238
Published: September 30, 2004
Released on J-STAGE: October 31, 2017
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (36K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|