Japanese Journal of Southeast Asian Studies
Online ISSN : 2424-1377
Print ISSN : 0563-8682
ISSN-L : 0563-8682
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Volume 27, Issue 4
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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Articles
  • Oil Price Declines and Structural Adjustment Policies in Indonesia:
    A Static CGE Analysis for 1980 and 1985
    Mitsuo Ezaki
    1990 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages 389-405
    Published: March 31, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: February 28, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20495/tak.27.4_389
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The purpose of this paper is to present a static CGE (Computable General Equilibrium) model of Indonesia constructed for the years 1980 and 1985,and to apply the model to the analysis of comparative statics by which the impacts of oil price declines are compared between the two years and the effects of structural adjustment policies are evaluated for the two cases of financial and tax reforms in 1983.
     The model has two important characteristics. First, it integrates real and financial sectors in a consistent way. Second, it determines the exchange rate endogenously, covering both fixed and flexible exchange rate systems.
     The model has been applied to the analysis of comparative statics in the case of 10% decline in oil price for both years (1980 and 1985) independently and in comparison with each other. In other words, comparisons of comparative statics have been attempted based on the model. A notable outcome of the comparisons is the fact that negative impacts of the 10% oil price decline are appreciably smaller in 1985 than in 1980. This means that structural changes or structural adjustments must have occurred in the Indonesian economy between the two years to mitigate the negative effects of the ‘reverse oil shock’ which began in March 1983.
     Actually, two major policy reforms were introduced in 1983 to cope with the reverse oil shock, aiming at a full mobilization of domestic resources. One was financial reform, the other tax reform. Comparative statics based on the model clearly indicate that the two policy reforms, especially the financial reform, contributed significantly to the mitigation of negative effects caused by the reverse oil shock.
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  • Economic Structure of Fishing Villages in the Philippines
    Yukihiro Torikai
    1990 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages 406-426
    Published: March 31, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: February 28, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20495/tak.27.4_406
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The focus of this paper is to show the economic structure of fishing communities in the Philippines. It is based on fieldwork conducted in the fishing villages of Mercedes, Bicol region, from May to June 1988.
     In these villages, most fishing boats are from three to seven meters in length, half of them are motorized, locally called “motor,” and others are non-motorized, “paraw.” An owner usually has only one boat, and many fishermen work on another man's motor on a share-rent basis by which the catch is divided equally among those who provide the motor, the fishing-net and the labor. Some laborers on paraw work on the different share-rent. The income of a motor-owner who employs one laborer is thus three times more than that of an employee or a paraw-fisherman, because an employee must pay a fee for the use of a motor and a fishing-net under this system, and the productivity of a paraw is very low.
     Motor-owners do not fish at the same place and at the same time as paraw-fishermen, and their family members refrain from collecting seaweed. This means that motor-owners share job opportunities with paraw-fishermen and employees and they voluntarily control their own fishing in order to share work. The income of an employee or a paraw-fisherman is expected to be low and unstable, so they organize communities for subsistence security.
     On the other hand, motor-owners sell the catch of paraw-fishermen and employees on commission to dealers in the market of Mercedes, though anyone can take his catch to the market free of charge by motor. People except motor-owners buy food and other things at the small store in their own village, even if the price twenty percent higher than in the market of Mercedes. Thus they jointly contribute to preserving cash income within the community, and this behavior is connected with subsistence security.
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  • The Acceptance of Socialism by Burmese Nationalists during the 1930s:
    Dòubàma Asîàyôun's Ideological Formation
    Kei Nemoto
    1990 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages 427-447
    Published: March 31, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: February 28, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20495/tak.27.4_427
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    This paper discusses features of the acceptance of Socialism by Burmese nationalists during the 1930s, by looking especially into the ideological formation of the Dòubàma Asîàyôun (D. A.: We Burmans Society).
     The D. A.’s ideological basis for the acceptance of Socialism can be seen in the ideological features of the group's early years, which can be characterized as Burman-centrist. To understand concretely the features of the fusion of this Burman-centrism and Socialism, the term “Kòumîn-Kòuhkyîn” is discussed in depth. The term was used from 1933 by the D. A. to symbolize Burman-centrism; but after 1937, its meaning and usage changed radically. It came to symbolize the fusion of the ideology of Burman-centrism and Socialism. Concretely, “Kòumîn-Kòuhkyîn” began to function as a symbol of the D. A.'s assertion of complete independence, anticapitalism, anti-imperialism, nationalization of private enterprises, equal distribution of wealth, and the formation of a government for peasants and laborers. However, it is clear that there existed little theoretical understanding of Socialism behind this assertion.
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  • Flooding due to Heavy Rainfall in Surat Thani, Thailand, in November 1988
    Shigeko Haruyama, Masahiko Oya
    1990 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages 448-460
    Published: March 31, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: February 28, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20495/tak.27.4_448
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    Unprecedented flooding due to heavy rainfall occurred in southern Thailand, in November 1988. Damage caused by rain and flooding accompanying the north-easterly monsoon extended over the whole Tapi River basin. We have conducted the research on the state of flooding in Surat Thani, the lower reach of the Tapi River and the Chawang River Basin, which is one of tributaries of the Tapi River.
     The lower reach of the Tapi River is divided into two parts : a natural levee zone and a delta. The former is noted for floods of the “bank-collapse” and “concentrated” flooding type and the latter for floods of the “overflow” type. In the case of the Tapi River, the backswamp and former river course in the natural levee zone showed deep and long stagnation in this flooding, because this long, narrow zone is situated directly above a constriction at Phunphin. In the delta, below Phunphin, the coastline advanced because of the great quantity of sand and gravel transported down by the river.
     Ban Na San lies at the foot of a mountain of granit and granodiolite, which have a tendency to collapse, and consequently many landslides occurred along the Chawang and Lam Phun Rivers, which are tributaries of the Tapi. After three consecutive nights of rain, sand and gravel together with logs poured down on the residential areas of Ban Na San.
     Two factors account for the heavy flood damage : one is the topographical and geological situation, the other is socio-economic development, such as, reckless deforestation, exploiting natural resources, and bringing the land at the foot of mountain under cultivation.
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  • Studies on Peat in the Coastal Pains of Sumatra and Borneo:
    Part IV: A Study of the Floral Composition of Peat in Coastal Plain of Brunei, Borneo
    Sabiham Supiandi
    1990 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages 461-484
    Published: March 31, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: February 28, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20495/tak.27.4_461
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The coastal plain of the Baram-Belait river basin, Brunei can be divided into two stratified sequences; peat and mineral deposits. The mineral deposits consist of sand terrace, mangrove deposits and tidal flat deposits. Peat deposits derived from many kinds of the former vegetation cover started to accumulate on these mineral deposits during the Holocene period. Tidal flat and mangrove deposits are characterized by the abundant fossil pollen of mangrove vegetation, while fossil pollen in sand terrace are mostly derived from the former freshwater-swamp forest.
     Two kinds of peat deposits were found in the Baram-Belait river basin; (1) freshwater peat swamp, and (2) brackish-water peat swamp. Brackish-water peat swamp is mostly deposited in the bottom layer, and characterized by the dominance of mangrove pollen, except for peat deposits taken from Profile BRNI 86-28. All peat layers of this profile are mostly dominated by pollen derived from freshwater-swamp forest.
     Freshwater peat swamp taken from Profiles BRNI 86-14 and BRNI 86-18 is characterized by the former mixed dipterocarp forest. Between the upper and bottom layers, the mixed swamp forest occur, and they are characterized by the dominance of many kinds of fossil pollen types.
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  • Agricultural Involution among Lampung's Javanese?
    Jeff Kingston
    1990 Volume 27 Issue 4 Pages 485-507
    Published: March 31, 1990
    Released on J-STAGE: February 28, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20495/tak.27.4_485
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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