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Volume 31, Issue 2
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
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Articles
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Changes in a Pondok in Kelantan, 1971-1992Yoshihiro Tsubouchi, Reiko Tsubouchi1993 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 89-103
Published: September 30, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 28, 2018
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn traditional Malay society, the pondok was a place where young students gathered to study Islam, living in residential huts which they built around the house of a guru (religious teacher). The introduction of the modern education system was a challenge to this traditional institution. Some well-known pondok reorganized their curriculum to make it more systematic and improved their dormitory facilities. Smaller and less popular pondok accepted more old people as residents. Such changes were already apparent when the first survey was conducted in 1971, focusing on a pondok in Pasir Mas District.
A follow-up survey after 21 years revealed that pondok have survived in Kelantan by diversifying and dividing their functions between major and minor pondok. A follow-up survey in a particular minor pondok suggested that one of the additional functions of the pondok institution is to provide a place of refuge for people in need. Thus, such people as handicapped women and divorcees chose this pondok as a place of temporary residence. The observed changes in pondok confirm that religious institutions, once established, persist by modifying their functions and do not easily decline.View full abstractDownload PDF (1126K) -
In Connection with the Development of Plow CultureToshiaki Ohji1993 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 104-131
Published: September 30, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 28, 2018
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present article is composed of the following three parts.
(1) A summary of research on traditional paddy cultivation methods in northern Thailand. Geomorphologically, northern Thailand is divided into five units: 1. mountain slopes, 2. narrow river valley plains, 3. basins, 4. transitional zones from mountain to plain, and 5. central plain area. I selected a village in each of these geomorphological units and describe in detail the paddy cultivation methods observed in each village in chapters I through VI.
(2) A report of research on agricultural implements, especially indigenous plows. The research was conducted in 11 villages, including villages located in the upper delta of the Chao Phraya River and the above sample villages. I classified the plows observed in these villages into the following three types: 1. square plow type, 2. Indian plow type, and 3. mixed plow type of Indian and crook plows. The results are given in chapter VII.
(3) A discussion of the origin of plow culture in Thailand, based on archaeological remains held in Lop Buri Museum. The museum identifies objects excavated in U-Thong as spear points from the seventh to eighth century A. D. However, I cannot agree with this explanation. Based on similar archaeological remains found in north India and plow share in use in the same area, I identified them as plow shares and presented a new interpretation on the origin of the plow in Thailand, namely that an Indian type of plow was already used in the seventh to eighth century. Detailed discussion is given in chapter VIII.View full abstractDownload PDF (2301K) -
“Primitive” or “Thammasat”?Koji Tanaka1993 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 132-140
Published: September 30, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 28, 2018
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (682K) -
Sukristijono Sukardjo1993 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 141-157
Published: September 30, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 28, 2018
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe mangrove forests in the northern coast of West Java are estimated to be about 32,353.66 ha (1987). They are mostly the young stands (62.83%). The mangrove ecosystem in the northern coast of West Java has been heavily disturbed partly due to population explosion and rapid development, and partly because of various demands, e. g. fire wood for subsistence and for sale. Reliable information on deforestation rate due to over-exploitation of fire wood etc., is highly needed to work out a rational afforestation plans to control deforestation. This paper aims at brief discussion on the present status of utilization and management of mangrove forests in the northern coast of West Java.View full abstractDownload PDF (1195K) -
Nguyen Huu Chiem1993 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 158-186
Published: September 30, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 28, 2018
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe Mekong delta is divided into five landform units, namely, the floodplain, the coastal complex, the broad depression, the old alluvial terrace, and the hills-mountains, and some of them are further subdivided (Fig. 2). These landform units are discernible from LANDSAT imageries, topography, properties of sediment and agroecology. Except for the old alluvial soil, which was formed during the Tertiary to late Pleistocene period, the landforms were shaped by transgression and regression in the Holocene period. Stratigraphic properties of sediments were examined in terms of chemical characteristics and pollen content, and seven depositional environments were ascertained: fan wash-out into littoral, transitional, marine, lagoonal, tidal flat, intertidal, and riverine.View full abstractDownload PDF (2280K)
Field Report
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Yasuyuki Kono1993 Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 187-188
Published: September 30, 1993
Released on J-STAGE: February 28, 2018
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (310K)
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