Japanese Journal of Southeast Asian Studies
Online ISSN : 2424-1377
Print ISSN : 0563-8682
ISSN-L : 0563-8682
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Volume 9, Issue 3
Displaying 1-9 of 9 articles from this issue
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Articles
  • The Social Structure of Burma during Pagan, Pinya and Ava Periods
    Toru Ohno
    Article type: Article
    1971 Volume 9 Issue 3 Pages 310-327
    Published: February 12, 1972
    Released on J-STAGE: June 03, 2019
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20495/tak.9.3_310
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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     Ancient society of Burma seems to have been, at first, formed by two different classes : viz. governing class and governed class. The former was composed of king, his family and other aristocrats called sampyan, who had intimate relations to the royal family. The governing class possessed not only political power but economic benefits also. They owned a vast agricultural lands and slaves in large numbers. They formed a strictly closed community among them as a matter of course. The king, particularly, was regarded as the lord of "all the land and water" and hence called puralon, the status of pre-Buddha. His authority was theoretically absolute. On the contrary, the governed class was constituted by a lot of subordinates called kalan, and slaves. The latter seems to have been originally war captives. They were, according to the Burmese inscriptions, dedicated to the so-called Three Gems, inherited by certain descendant when owner died, and sold out freely if necessary.
     Though the basic structure has been left unchanged, the Burmese society produced, during 13th and 14th centuries, new other constituents such as men of wealth called sū-krway, landed farmers called asañ, and hereditary slaves called sapok respectively. It is obvious that these constituents were the outcome of socio-economical change, which had occured mainly due to the religious deeds done by the governing class.
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  • Nationalism and the Philippine Economy
    Kunio Yoshihara
    Article type: Article
    1971 Volume 9 Issue 3 Pages 328-347
    Published: February 12, 1972
    Released on J-STAGE: June 03, 2019
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20495/tak.9.3_328
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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     This paper describes postwar nationalistic measures in the Philippines in the context of nationalism vis-à-vis economic development. The Philippines is an underdeveloped country with a per capita income of roughly $100. First under Spanish and then under American rule, she gained independence in 1946. Not only the influx of Western influences but also the lack of cultural unity and a common historical background make it difficult for the country to determine and develop her identity. Philippine nationalism must be understood within this framework.
     But nationalistic measures have often resulted in a slowing down of economic progress and sometimes proved to be in conflict with the goal of economic development. Such a conflict is not so serious in an economically developed country. But the Philippines has a number of acutely pressing economic problems and can ill afford to maintain policies which act as barriers to economic development.
     Section I of the paper serves as an introduction. In section II, the extent of foreign participation in different sectors of the Philippine economy is described. In section III, first, court decisions on naturalization laws are discussed, followed by a review of nationalization laws. In section IV, the 'special' position of American business is discussed. In section V, nationalistic administrative practices for the promotion of domestic industrialization are examined. The paper concludes by pointing to the conflict between nationalism and economic development and recommending a modification of the present nationalistic policy.
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  • Environmental Determinants Affecting the Potential Dissemination of High Yielding Varieties of Rice
    A Case Study of the Chao Phraya River Basin
    Hayao Fukui
    1971 Volume 9 Issue 3 Pages 348-374
    Published: February 12, 1972
    Released on J-STAGE: June 03, 2019
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20495/tak.9.3_348
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Physiography of Rice Land in the Chao Phraya Basin of Thailand
    Yoshikazu Takaya
    1971 Volume 9 Issue 3 Pages 375-397
    Published: February 12, 1972
    Released on J-STAGE: June 03, 2019
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20495/tak.9.3_375
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • The Quaternary Stratigraphy in the Northern Basin of the Central Plain, Thailand
    Tomoo Hattori
    1971 Volume 9 Issue 3 Pages 398-419
    Published: February 12, 1972
    Released on J-STAGE: June 03, 2019
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20495/tak.9.3_398
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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     TAKAYA proposed a Quaternary stratigraphy for the Central Plain of Thailand based on his observation of natural outcrops (TAKAYA, 1968). During field survey, he paid special attention to the relationship between the degree of weathering and stratigraphical position. To examine the relationship in more detail, the author made a field survey and sample collection with the help of TAKAYA during the period from November, 1968 to January, 1969. In this report, the result of the field survey and subsequent laboratory work is presented. A proposal concerning a new formation is also made which modifies TAKAYA's stratigraphy.
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  • Cultivation of Benzoin-tree at Tapanuli, Sumatra, and the Commercial Blend-Benzoin
    Shuji Yoshida
    Article type: Article
    1971 Volume 9 Issue 3 Pages 420-446
    Published: February 12, 1972
    Released on J-STAGE: June 03, 2019
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20495/tak.9.3_420
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     The present article deals with the observations made in a field survey in a Toba-Batak village at Tapanuli, North Sumatra, concerning the cultivation of benzoin-trees and the processes of manufacturing the commercial blend-benzoins.
     Toba-Bataks classify three kinds of benzoin tree according to the quality of the resin, i. e., Hamindjon toba, Hamindjon durame and Hamindjon bulu. Hamindjon toba is identified as Styrax paralleloneurum Perk., which is cultivated at locations above 1000m contour and produces the best quality resin. Hamindjon durame, which is cultivated at lower elevation sites (ca. 500-1000m), produces a lower quality material. It can be identified as Styrax benzoin Dryand. Hamindjon bulu has not been exactly identified, but the morphology and habitat of the tree and the characters of its resin seem to suggest that it may be a kind of natural yhbrid of the two species referred to above.
     The resin can be obtained from the trees of 6 to 70 years of age. The quality of the resin is primarily determined by the species of benzoin-tree. The older the trees, however, the lesser the amount of high grade resins.
     The commercial blend-benzoins are manufactured by blending different quality resins in various proportions. Even damar, a non-benzoin material, is mixed to fairly high percentages.
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