Japanese Journal of Southeast Asian Studies
Online ISSN : 2424-1377
Print ISSN : 0563-8682
ISSN-L : 0563-8682
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Volume 19, Issue 1
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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Special Issue
Population
  • Editor's Note
    Kazumasa Kobayashi
    Article type: Article
    1981 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 3-4
    Published: 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: June 02, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20495/tak.19.1_3
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Demographic Theories and Population Projections
    With Special Reference to Southeast Asia
    Shigemi Kono
    Article type: Article
    1981 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 5-18
    Published: 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: June 02, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20495/tak.19.1_5
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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     This paper reviews the basic theories underlying the current practice of the United Nations and other international population projections covering the less developed countries, particularly those of Southeast Asia. In the field of demographic projections, the most basic frames of reference for assumptions on the future course of fertility and mortality are the demographic transition theory and threshold hypothesis, but other than these very little use has been made of population theories. Not much has been done so far to incorporate socioeconomic factors within the framework of population projections. This paper explores the reasons why and tries to find ways to utilize some new developments in population theories by Caldwell and Knodel.
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  • Subnational Diversity in the Population Growth Rate of Thailand during the 1960s
    Kazumasa Kobayashi
    Article type: Article
    1981 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 19-53
    Published: 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: June 02, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20495/tak.19.1_19
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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     The average annual rate of population increase for Thailand during the 1960s has been estimated to be as high as 3 percent after adjusting for census underenumeration. Comparisons of data collected from a series of fertility surveys conducted in Thailand since the end of the 1960s have increasingly indicated the start of a steady decline in fertility both in urban and rural areas of the country. A report states that "it seems relatively safe to conclude that Thailand is now in the midst of a major transition from high to low levels of fertility" [Knodel et al . 1978 : 46]. Therefore, the 1960s can be regarded as the last decade for Thailand to experience an explosively high growth of population.
      This growth, however, was never uniform with the same high rate all over the country, but was accompanied by a large subnational diversity among different regions. The intercensal growth rates for the population in individual districts (amphur) from 1960 to 1970 range widely from as high as 10 percent or more to a level below zero percent on an annual average.
      When the whole Kingdom was divided into 27 divisions according to physiographic features and the levels of population density at the 1960 census, it was found that there were distinct geographic differences in the level of the overall population growth rate as well as the level and sex-age pattern of the net migration rate. A negative correlation is conspicuous between the population density at the 1960 census and the rate of population increase from the 1960 to 1970 censuses, if the Bangkok metropolitan area is excluded from calculation. The greater part of the increase in the nation's population during the 1960s was absorbed by the rural areas, with the highest growth rate in the sparsely inhabited hill regions.
      Literature on the population growth and migration of Thailand tend to direct too much attention to the concentration of population in the metropolitan area and less to the marginal rural areas which are still heavily burdened with absorbing the nation's population increase.
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  • On the High Population Growth Rates of the Past in South Sumatra
    Yoshihiro Tsubouchi, Keiichiro Matsushita
    Article type: Article
    1981 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 54-62
    Published: 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: June 02, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20495/tak.19.1_54
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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Article
Notes
  • Social Changes in Javanese Villages, 1942-45
    The Forced Delivery System and Its Impact
    Aiko Kurasawa
    1981 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 77-105
    Published: 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: June 02, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20495/tak.19.1_77
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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     Javanese society underwent various social changes during the Japanese Military Occupation (1942-45). Some of the most important changes resulted from the establishment of a system which forced the peasants to deliver agricultural products, especially paddy, to the government, and the introduction of new institutions to carry out this policy. The Japanese, in need of huge amounts of provisions for continuing the war and the occupation, ordered the Javanese peasants to "sell" a certain percentage of their paddy (usually 30 to 40 percent) to the government at a fixed price.
      This policy had a tremendous impact both on village politics and on the peasants' lives. The Japanese set up government-sponsored cooperatives called kumiai which were modeled after Japanese agricultural cooperatives (nokyoo ). Pamong praja (civil servants) and village chiefs played an important role in implementing the policy, which led to the undermining of their prestige among the people. Forced Delivery also caused a sharp decline in the peasants' welfare. Starvation spread and general living conditions deteriorated so much that finally, in 1944, the death rate exceeded the birth rate.
      This paper discusses how the Forced Delivery System worked and its social, economic, and political effects.
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  • Rainfed Irrigation and Drought Conditions in Northeast Thailand
    Huynh Ngoc Phien, Apichai Sunchindah
    1981 Volume 19 Issue 1 Pages 106-116
    Published: 1981
    Released on J-STAGE: June 02, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20495/tak.19.1_106
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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     A model is developed in this paper for the computation of effective rainfall on a daily basis and for defining a drought day with regard to paddy irrigation. Assessments of the adequacy of rain water for irrigation, the drought conditions, and the supplementary water requirements are then made.
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