Japanese Journal of Southeast Asian Studies
Online ISSN : 2424-1377
Print ISSN : 0563-8682
ISSN-L : 0563-8682
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Volume 55, Issue 1
Displaying 1-4 of 4 articles from this issue
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Articles
  • The Process of Establishing the Liberated Zone in Laos:
    Focusing on Changes in the Strategy of the Pathet Lao toward the Kingdom of Laos and the DRV in the 1950s
    Seitaro Namba
    2017 Volume 55 Issue 1 Pages 3-38
    Published: 2017
    Released on J-STAGE: August 24, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20495/tak.55.1_3
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    This paper aims to analyze the process of establishing the liberated zone in Laos, focusing on changes in the strategy of the Pathet Lao (PL) toward the Kingdom of Laos (KL) and the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV).
    　　The PL, established in Vietnam in 1950, kept changing its strategy for the first decade. The main strategies tried by the PL were as follows. First, for the initial four years the PL tried to gain bases with the military assistance of the DRV but could not return to Laos. Second, in the assembly area provided by the Geneva Agreements of 1954, the PL expelled the KLʼs forces and established the one-party system of the Lao Peopleʼs Party. However, despite the economic and political assistance of the DRV, the PL could not afford to sustain the system. Third, the PL handed over the assembly area to the KL when it established the coalition government in 1957. It followed that the PL was forced to move to Vietnam when the coalition collapsed. Thereafter, while the PL engaged in a large military action with the DRV, it could not gain firm bases for more than a year.
    　　The PL conquered Samnuea Province in 1960 and named it the liberated zone. The strategy advocated at that time reflected the above experiences. Its points were as follows. One, the PL rethought its strategy of depending heavily on the DRV and put much value on self-reliance. Two, the PL recognized its own military weakness and started a dialogue with the KL. Three, the PL agreed to reestablish the coalition government but did not agree to renounce the liberated zone.
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  • The Origins of Media Control and the United Malays National Organization (UMNO) in Malaysia:
    Malay Journalism and Political Power in the Decolonization Era
    Tsukasa Iga
    2017 Volume 55 Issue 1 Pages 39-70
    Published: 2017
    Released on J-STAGE: August 24, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20495/tak.55.1_39
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    This paper explores the relationship between journalism and political power in Malaya during the decolonization era, focusing in particular on the journalists and their networks of the Jawi-script Malay daily Utusan Melayu before the 1961 strike.
    　　Utusan Melayu was launched in 1939 by the Singapore Malay Union to support the Malay community. Under the editorship of the two prominent journalists Abdul Samad Ismail and Yusof Ishak, Utusan Melayu mobilized the Malay people toward the independence movement. Utusan Melayu played a catalytic role in the establishment of the United Malays National Organization (UMNO) and allied with UMNO to fight against the British. This strategy on the part of the daily made a significant impact on the independence movement and at the same time gave the newspaper an exceptionally high reputation among the Malay public. However, after Malaya gained independence from the British, Utusan Melayu found itself confronted by UMNO. The confrontation culminated in UMNOʼs takeover of Utusan Melayu and later in the loss of the latterʼs editorial autonomy. The loss of the dailyʼs editorial autonomy had a significant impact on the relationship between the media and political power after 1961.
    　　The main question of this paper is why and how Utusan Melayu lost its editorial autonomy. To answer the question, this paper uses the memoirs and biographies of journalists as well as commemorative publications of the newspaper.
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  • Invention of “Creative City”:
    Youth Cultural Practices and the Rise of an Outsider in Bandung
    Yujin Kim
    2017 Volume 55 Issue 1 Pages 71-102
    Published: 2017
    Released on J-STAGE: August 24, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20495/tak.55.1_71
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    This paper will show that one of the decisive factors in the rise of Ridwan Kamil as the mayor of Bandung is the sociocultural context of the city. The daily cultural practices of urban apolitical “ordinary” young people have been historically developed into or conceptualized as “creative” (kreatif). The term “kreatif” itself is ambiguous and could include anything new and different. Ridwan Kamil, as a political outsider with no strong political base, has shrewdly and successfully exploited the ambiguous concept of kreatif to increase his popularity among the urban citizens in Bandung.
    　　Bandung has been described as a thriving cosmopolitan city during the colonial period. Urban young people in the city were depoliticized but able to enjoy Western popular culture under the Suharto regime. Especially since 1990, they have built independent music and clothing labels to develop the local indie scene. Ridwan Kamil, as an architect, has supported creative industries, including fashion and music. He has successfully changed the mindset of citizens to become the mayor of Bandung through creative festivals.
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