Japanese Journal of Southeast Asian Studies
Online ISSN : 2424-1377
Print ISSN : 0563-8682
ISSN-L : 0563-8682
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Volume 30, Issue 3
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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Article
  • Occupational Structure and Village Type in Northeast Thailand:
    A Case Study in Yasothon Province
    Yasuyuki Kono, Yoshikatsu Nagata
    1992 Volume 30 Issue 3 Pages 241-271
    Published: December 31, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: February 28, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20495/tak.30.3_241
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    This study aims to classify villages in terms of job formation and sources of cash income and describe the spatial distribution of the different types of village in rural areas of Yasothon Province, Northeast Thailand by discussing their natural, historical and economic backgrounds. Utilizing the village database compiled by the government of Thailand, satellite images and the information from field survey, the present study covers almost all villages in the province.
     Four village types are defined: old villages, established about 100-300 years ago, in which the main sources of cash income are sale of rice and extra-village jobs; old villages in which main sources are jobs in the village itself, including both on-farm and off-farm other than sale of rice; new villages, established in around the past 50 years in which rice is sold; and new villages in which upland crops are sold for cash income.
     The spatial distribution of these different types of villages can be explained mostly by the natural conditions of the agricultural land and settlements, and by accessibility or the transportation conditions. However, the process of village establishment, the social structure of the village, and the villagers' intentions are also considered to be factors which affect the occupational structure of villages.
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  • Early Agriculture in Southeast Asia
    Masayuki Yokokura
    1992 Volume 30 Issue 3 Pages 272-314
    Published: December 31, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: February 28, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20495/tak.30.3_272
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    This Article introduces archaeological remains related to early agriculture, especially rice cultivation, in Late Prehistoric to Early Historic Southeast Asia, and presents aspects of agricultural development based on recent archaeological informations.
     Cultivated rice remains found at prehistoric to early historic sites in Southeast Asia reveal the appearance of rice cultivation in both Mainland and Islands Southeast Asia in the second millennium B. C., and indicate that various types of rice were cultivated in the first millennium B. C. and the first millenium A. D.
     Farm implements used in the first millennium B. C. and the first millennium A. D. include the hoe, spade, sickle, harvesting knife and weeder.
     Many harvesting knives made of shell, stone and metal from Neolithic or Early Metal sites suggest that ear-plucking was the major way of rice harvesting in Early Southeast Asia. On the contrary, most of the sickle-shaped iron implements found at Early Metal sites are not harvesters but weeders of a type that is still used by inhabitants of Southeast Asia.
     Metal hoes of Yunnan style and Han style were found at Early Metal sites in North and North-Central Vietnam only. Few metal hoes were uncovered at Early Metal sites in Southern Indochina and Malaya, where many iron weeders were found.
     Based on the distribution of farm implements, it is proposed that there were two tides of rice cultivation in Early Southeast Asia, that is, the agriculture with metal hoe originating in China, and the agriculture with no metal hoe adapted to the natural environment of Deep Southeast Asia.
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  • Hindu-Balinese in Jakarta
    Haruya Kagami
    1992 Volume 30 Issue 3 Pages 315-330
    Published: December 31, 1992
    Released on J-STAGE: February 28, 2018
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20495/tak.30.3_315
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    This paper analyzes a Hindu-Balinese organization and its activities in Jakarta. In this predominantly Muslim city, Hindu-Balinese residents have formed an organization called banjar to obtain various facilities for their activities. It originates from the Balinese banjar organization, which is the customary fundamental residential unit, though in Jakarta it loses its obligatory character and can be classified as a voluntary association. Based on their banjar activity, Balinese in Jakarta construct their temples (pura), invite priests (pedanda) from Bali and support them. The temples are the base for Balinese activities such as cremation, periodical praying at full moon and dark moon, Hindu religious lessons for youth, and cultural activities such as traditional dancing and gamelan orchestra.
     One of the interesting points of Hindu-Balilnese activities in Jakarta is that participants adopt a more dogmatic and innovational style in the religious sphere than people in Bali. While they attach less importance to customary behaviour (adat) such as ritual clothes, they practice full-moon and dark-moon prayer, which has never been practiced traditionally in Bali and has only recently been introduced by the Hindu Council (Parisada Hindu Dharma Indonesia). Hindu-Balinese activities in Jakarta show an example of a new phase of Indonesian religious activity which contrasts sharply with the customary conservative local activity.
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