Japanese Journal of Southeast Asian Studies
Online ISSN : 2424-1377
Print ISSN : 0563-8682
ISSN-L : 0563-8682
Volume 14, Issue 4
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
Article
  • Proto-Semai Vowels
    Gérard Diffloth
    Article type: Article
    1977 Volume 14 Issue 4 Pages 463-495
    Published: 1977
    Released on J-STAGE: June 02, 2018
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Phin-Keong Voon
    Article type: Article
    1977 Volume 14 Issue 4 Pages 496-512
    Published: 1977
    Released on J-STAGE: June 02, 2018
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Yumio Sakurai
    Article type: Article
    1977 Volume 14 Issue 4 Pages 513-539
    Published: 1977
    Released on J-STAGE: June 02, 2018
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
     The process by which State-owned rice fields of the 15th century became communal land by the 19th century is analyzed based on an examination of the text of Gia long quân cầp quan điền pháp or the Land Distribution Regulation of 1804.
    Part I. In the early 19th century, holdings of công điền , or Statc-owned rice fields, in the Red River delta varied between villages. For example, some villages had no công điền , while in others all the ricefields were công điền . In the 19th century, the transfer system of công điền , which had been prohibited in the 15th century, became wider-spread throughout the delta villages. Furthermore, the central government could not control the peasant society because it could not make accurate land rolls and registers, and because the number of peasants who abandoned their legal residence increased sharply. Thus, it is doubtful whether the Land Distribution Regulation of 1804 was put into effect.
    Part II. The Hồng Dư'c and Vĩnh thanh Regulations had included many detailed acts concerning the distributors of công điền , the governors and tax collectors. But the Gia Long Regulation included no such acts. The former regulations i. e. Hong Du'c and Vĩnh thanh had divided all villages into two types, công điền xã and tù' điền xã , but in the Gia Long Regulation this distinction was not drawn. This indicates that the Gia Long was a nominal regulation which was ineffective in controlling the distribution of công điền .
    Part III. Central and provincial government officials and soldiers are divided into 18 grades, and the number in each grade is multiplied by the allotment of công điền for that grade to give the total allotment for each grade. These are very small compared with the total công điền possessed by the numerically superior peasants. The regulation was effective only in that it defined a social hierarchy in which the officials and soldiers were distinguished from peasants by their greater individual allotment of công điền.
    Part IV. The distribution of công điền to peasants under this Regulation is analyzed, công điền was distributed according to the capitation tax roll. This system aimed at bringing the social order of villagers under central government control.
      In conclusion, it appears that by this Regulation the Central Government aimed at introducing national order into the villages.
      L'École Francais d'Extreme Orient is acknowledged with thanks for authorizing the use of its invaluable manuscripts in the form of microfilms, which are now preserved in the Toyo Bunko.
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  • Kunio Iwatsuki, Michael G. Price
    Article type: Article
    1977 Volume 14 Issue 4 Pages 540-572
    Published: 1977
    Released on J-STAGE: June 02, 2018
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
     A brief account of the 1975 Filipino-Japanese botanical expedition to the previously unstudied Mt Burnay is given, with special reference to the pteridophytes. The approximately 200 species of pteridophytes are enumerated, several reductions to synonymy newly made, and range extensions reported. A short commentary on Luzon-Taiwan phytogeography is appended.
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Notes
  • Yasukichi Yasuba
    1977 Volume 14 Issue 4 Pages 573-588
    Published: 1977
    Released on J-STAGE: June 02, 2018
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
     In Southeast Asia, direct effects of the "Oil Crisis", such as inflation, disturbance of production, balance of payments crises, and the loss of income due to deterioration in the terms of trade, while undoubtedly real, have proved to be factors which could be overcome even in seriously affected countries such as Thailand and the Philippines. The single most important impact was indirect, in the form of a decline in demand from recessionridden industrialized countries. A continued recovery of the economies of these countries will be strategically important for the economies in Southeast Asia.
      Changes in industrial structure and in the pattern of international division of labor will continue into the future. One neglected factor in this development is the relative rise, in the long run, of ocean transportation costs due to a rise in the price of oil. A further study of the effects of changes in ocean transportation costs will be particularly relevant for Southeast Asia, which is likely to be greatly affected by such changes.
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  • Than Tun
    1977 Volume 14 Issue 4 Pages 589-592
    Published: 1977
    Released on J-STAGE: June 02, 2018
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Toshihiko Mizuno
    1977 Volume 14 Issue 4 Pages 593-610
    Published: 1977
    Released on J-STAGE: June 02, 2018
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
     This is an outline of the inlandwaters in the Southeast Asian countries of Thailand, Cambodia, Burma, Malaysia and Indonesia, based on research data collected from 1968 to 1976. The environmental conditions and productivity of the freshwater organisms in Lake Bera, Malaysia, were studied by the IBP team from 1970 to 1974, but general observations were carried out in the inlandwaters of the other countries only during our short trips. Therefore, it is very difficult to compare their lakes and rivers on the same level, but they may be classified into the following three types according to the color of water :
    1. Dark brown waters, fairly clear.
    Lakes Bera and Merah in Malaysia, Lake Khan Phayao, Bueng Boraped,Nam Pong Reservoir and Nong Rahan in Thailand, Lakes Semajang, Melintang, Djampang, Tempatang, Murung and Uwis in East Kalimantan, Lake Teloko and River Komering in Sumatra and Lake Inle in Burma.
    2. Yellow brown waters, remarkably muddy.
    Tonle Sap in Cambodia, Mae Nam Chao Phraya and Mae Klong in Thailand,River Mahakam in East Kalimantan and River Musi in Sumatra.
    3. Clear waters on high mountains.
    Lakes Singkarak, Manindjau, Di Atas and Toba in Sumatra.
     Their tropical characteristics are discussed in regard to the representative inland-waters of each type, and the ecological and limnological problems which must be solved in future are taken up.
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