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Volume 32, Issue 4
Displaying 1-7 of 7 articles from this issue
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Articles
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A Cace Study in the Nhue River Irrigation SystemYasuyuki Kono, Doan Doan Tuan1995 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 425-445
Published: March 31, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 28, 2018
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOne of the major constraints of agricultural development in the Red river delta is inadequate control of water conditions. The present study aims to clarify the water conditions of agricultural land, analyze their impact on production and labor input, and estimate the effect of the improvement of water control, with emphasis on rice cultivation. Water conditions of agricultural land are closely related to microtopography. Yield and labor input of rice cultivation in the higher and lower areas are affected by insufficient irrigation water supply and inundation, respectively, both in the spring and summer cropping seasons. However, high labor input enables farmers to adopt similar cropping patterns and rice varieties over the whole area, regardless of variation in water conditions. Irrigation and drainage improvement combined with land consolidation are recommended to increase rice yield and reduce labor input, by which 40% to 150% yield increase and 30% to 60% labor saving are expected.View full abstractDownload PDF (1161K) -
On Sundanese in the Dutch East IndiesMikihiro Moriyama1995 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 446-454
Published: March 31, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 28, 2018
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (630K) -
Education and Change of Class StratificationHan-Yin Chang1995 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 455-476
Published: March 31, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 28, 2018
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn Singapore education has made a significant contribution to the change of class stratification in the past three decades. This contribution was accomplished in two basic ways: (1) by facilitating economic development, thereby helping to create a functional imperative to expand the proportion of professionals, technicians, executives and managers, i. e., to expand the relative size of the upper division of the class hierarchy; and (2) by equipping members of underprivileged groups (the lower class division, the female group, and some ethnic minorities) with necessary qualifications to respond to this imperative and move upward to join the upper division—thus leading to change of the social composition of the upper division. Differential advances of the underprivileged groups are reported. Forces that affect education's transformational power are identified.View full abstractDownload PDF (1519K) -
A Case Study of Hakka Associations in SingaporeCheng Lim Keak1995 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 477-494
Published: March 31, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 28, 2018
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1261K) -
Masanori Sato1995 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 495-522
Published: March 31, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 28, 2018
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis article deals with the “Romusha” described in history textbooks used in junior and senior high schools in Indonesia from 1984 to 1993 and analyses the meanings and images evoked by these descriptions.
The results of an analysis of the “Romusha” in 9 junior high school history textbooks and 5 senior high textbooks can be summarized as follows; “Romusha” is the most symbolic word used to represent the Japanese Military Occupation of Indonesia (1942-1945). In Japanese, romusha means ‘physical laborers’, but in 7 of 14 textbooks the word means ‘forced laborers’, in 4 it means ‘laborers’, in 3 ‘soldiers of labor’, in 2 ‘heroes of labor’ and ‘soldiers of economics’, and in 1 each ‘forced labors’, ‘corps of forced laborers’ and ‘forced coolies’. Thus the word can be said to have more specialized meanings in Indonesian textbooks than in the original Japanese.
In 12 of the 14 textbooks there are descriptions of mobilizing the “Romusha,” their actual working conditions in 9, the methods of dispatching workers to job sites and their final disposition in 10, and the number of workers in 8.
It is evident that the image of the “Romusha” in Indonesian history textbooks used in junior and senior high schools is basically that of “pathetic forced laborers” from many points of view.View full abstractDownload PDF (2108K) -
A Case Study at a Village in Yasothon Province, Northeast ThailandYoshiaki Nakada1995 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 523-548
Published: March 31, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 28, 2018
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn Northeast Thailand, subsistence glutinous rice cultivation has been dominant due to the risky environment and the lack of irrigation. Recently, however, non-glutinous rice cultivation for the market has expanded in some parts. At the same time, seasonal migration, mostly to Bangkok and its suburbs, has become popular among farmers. The present study aims to quantify surplus rice production and to discuss the relationship between surplus rice and seasonal labor migration through a field survey at a village in Yasothon Province. Of the total harvested rice in the study village, 48% was sold out, 36% eaten, 2% taken out by seasonal emigrants, and 15% used for other purposes such as animal feed, barter, gifts and rents. Fifty-two percent of the villagers temporarily left the village, mainly for employment, and these consisted mainly of men aged 16-49 years and women aged 16-29 years. They leave the village during the slack season of rice cultivation, and return to the village during the planting and harvesting seasons. Besides providing cash income from employment, this seasonal migration saves in-village rice consumption, which accounts for about one half of the surplus rice. Therefore, seasonal labor migration, in addition to modern agricultural technology, has facilitated surplus rice production even with rainfed cultivation. This type of surplus production can be called as “migration-dependent” or “consumption-saving.” These findings indicate that rural development projects are required to provide working-age villagers with income equal to or more than the income from working outside and rice saving, or to focus on non-leaving villagers. Agricultural mechanization can also be a target of rural development.View full abstractDownload PDF (2012K)
Field Report
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Heru Bagus Pulunggono1995 Volume 32 Issue 4 Pages 549-550
Published: March 31, 1995
Released on J-STAGE: February 28, 2018
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (128K)
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