Japanese Journal of Southeast Asian Studies
Online ISSN : 2424-1377
Print ISSN : 0563-8682
ISSN-L : 0563-8682
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Volume 36, Issue 4
Displaying 1-10 of 10 articles from this issue
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Articles
  • Physical and Economic Change in Bangkok, 1851-1925
    Porphant Ouyyanont
    1999 Volume 36 Issue 4 Pages 437-474
    Published: March 31, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: November 30, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20495/tak.36.4_437
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    This paper explains the major patterns of physical change in Bangkok from 1851 brought about by the expansion of canals and roads and the attendant development of new suburbas. From around 1890 we see clearly a change in Bangkok from a water-based city to a land-based city. This paper argues that the period from around 1890 to 1910 is significant in Bangkok's development. One characteristic of road building in Bangkok is that it was accompanied by the active investment of the Privy Purse Bureau in row houses. Roads brought about great change in the physical and economic landscape of the capital from 1890.
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  • Soil Chemical Profiles Developed from Pyrite-containing Sediments under Banjarese Agricultural Practices in South Kalimantan
    Basuki Sumawinata
    1999 Volume 36 Issue 4 Pages 475-493
    Published: March 31, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: November 30, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20495/tak.36.4_475
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    The reclamation of brackish sediments for agriculture involves the danger that pyrite minerals present in the deposits will be oxidized and produce unfavorable conditions for plant growth. Pyrite minerals are oxidized when the swamp is reclaimed by forest cutting, canal excavation and destruction of the peat cover.
     In South Kalimantan. Banjarese people cultivate rice using a technique adapted to soils that originate from pyrite-containing sediments, especially where non-acidic water for flushing the toxic materials is available. However, the agricultural land in areas with pyrite-containing sediments is a fragile system. Even the productive rice plots are constantly threatened by the sudden collapse of the delicate balance.
     To understand the effect of the Banjarese rice cultural practice on soil conditions in areas with pyrite-containing sediments, land use and water management practices were observed in the field, and eight auger samples were taken for laboratory analyses.
     The results show that intensive leaching of the pyrite-containing sediments leads to the development of a specific soil chemical profile comprising an oxidized horizon, an acid-accumulating horizon, and a reduced horizon. This paper presents details of soil development processes and soil management problems.
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  • Education in the Border Areas of Malaysian and Indonesian Borneo/Kalimantan
    Shigeo Nishimura
    1999 Volume 36 Issue 4 Pages 494-504
    Published: March 31, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: November 30, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20495/tak.36.4_494
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    This study is aimed to make clear the dynamics of national education in the border areas of Malaysian and Indonesian Borneo/Kalimantan. By analyzing the activities of primary schools of the area, I extract the vectors of nationalization, localization and internationalization that operate in the primary education.
     The vector of nationalization can be understood as a force flowing from the national capital and reaching directly to the border villages. The vector of localization arises in the provincial capital and terminates in the border villages. In the border areas the latter can be considered as a secondary flow of the former from the viewpoint of national education. The relationships that span the national border should be considered in terms of localization across the national border rather than the concept of internationalization.
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  • Japanese Dance and Music Performance at the Paris Exposition of 1889
    Kyo Yasuda
    1999 Volume 36 Issue 4 Pages 505-524
    Published: March 31, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: November 30, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20495/tak.36.4_505
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    At the 1889 Paris Exposition many people from the colonies lived in “l'esplanade des Invalides.” They built houses for themselves and showed their customs, entertainments or arts. “l'esplanade des Invalides” was the most popular spot in the Expo. About 60 Javanese who had been brought from the Netherlands East Indies by the committee of Holland constructed a “kampong javanais (Javanese village).” The Kampong was always crowded and visitors had to wait for many hours to enter the “pendoppo.” where performances of Javanese dance and music were held.
     Four dancing girls named Wakiem. Sariem. Soekia. Taminah were very famous among Parisians. They had been sent with the most beautiful crown, jewelry and clothes by the prince of Mangk-Negaran in Surakarta, a large city in central Java. Most sources say the four girls were members of the prince's family, but others tell they were not. What is certain is that the committee had to ask prince twice or more to send the girls. It is strange that the gamelan set and gamelan players who accompanied the dancing girls did not come from the same court. The gamelan set was provided by G. Mundt, the owner of a tea plantation at Parakan Salak near Sukabumi. The players also probably came from west Java. Even today it is prohibited for court dancers to perform with a gamelan that does not belong to their own court. We assume that the four girls were not court dancers and that the dance they performed at the Expo was in mixed or modified style. The music, too, was probably far from the authentic style. In Java, the style of dance and music differed greatly from one district to another. Dancers and players were obliged to create a new style for the Exposition.
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  • Rural Transformation and Women's Labour in North Vietnam:
    The Case of Trang Liệt Village, Bắc Ninh Province
    Misaki Iwai
    1999 Volume 36 Issue 4 Pages 525-545
    Published: March 31, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: November 30, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20495/tak.36.4_525
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    This study focuses on the transformation of the relationship between the agricultural cooperative (hợp tác xã sản xuất nông nghiệp) and peasant family households (hộ gia đình) in the last 40 years. Particular attention is given to the women's labour covering both socialist collectivized agriculture and economic liberalization (Đổi Mới) in the period 1958-1998.
     Previous studies have regarded Vietnamese coopeartives simply as economic organizations and have failed to grasp other important aspects of cooperatives such as their social function. This study looks at the socialization of women's domestic work through the provision of crèches (nhà trẻ) and reveals that the social function of the cooperatives supported the socio-economic lives of family households in the village. It is also noted that the period of development of cooperatives overlapped with the period of the Vietnam war, 1960-1975.
     The main finding reported here is that the introduction of the subcontracting system in 1980 brought about major socio-economic change in Trang Liệt Village by releasing women from group works inside the cooperative. Women began to collect and sell recycled goods in areas around the village to earn money, so peasant households did not depend on income determined by workpoints of the cooperative, and the cooperative crèche also met great difficulties because it could not cope with women's demands regarding working time, income and so on. Resolution 10 of 1988 meant that the Party and State confirmed the family farming system and abolished the collectivized agricultural production system.
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  • Groslier's Hydraulic Society Theory of Angkor in the Eyes of an Agroecologist
    Hayao Fukui
    1999 Volume 36 Issue 4 Pages 546-554
    Published: March 31, 1999
    Released on J-STAGE: November 30, 2017
    DOIhttps://doi.org/10.20495/tak.36.4_546
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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    1. The effect of nutrients in irrigation water on soil fertility is exaggerated. The fertility of alluvial soils is sustained by renewal of soil material itself by big floods, recurring with a long time interval and often disastrous, and the reductive condition of soil under inundation, besides the nutrient supply by irrigation water.

    2. Year-round inundation may suppress laterization, but it could hardly have any noticeable effect in the case of Angkor because laterization is a process of tens or hundreds of thousands of years, while the inundation by irrigation lasted only five hundred years.

    3. Even if it was really the case that failure of the hydraulic system would have weakened the agricultural base, the weakened agriculture might have been through the failure of water supply itself rather than through deterioration of the soil.

    4. The absence of a sluice gate in the baray is sufficiently clear evidence to refute the possibility of irrigation by baray, as Van Liere mentioned. The arguments that the embankment was destroyed and rebuild each time of irrigation, and that the seepage was used for irrigation are unlikely.

    5. The baray is not dug down, but occupies the original ground surface and is surrounded by ca. ten-meter high embankment. Therefore, in the absence of evidence for the existence of a device for raising water into the baray, it is unlikely that a river or canal on the original ground fed the baray.
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