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Volume 46, Issue 1
Displaying 1-6 of 6 articles from this issue
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Akira TAKEYA, Osamu HOSOMI, Shin YAZAWA, Tadahisa KOGURE1993 Volume 46 Issue 1 Pages 1-15
Published: 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPreviously we reported the occurrence of UDP-GalNAc: Galβ1→4GlcNAc/Glc β-1, 3-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase activity in human plasma. Here, the donor substrate specificity of the enzyme partially purified from blood group O plasma was investigated by means of competition experiments with analogs of donor. The enzyme activity was found to be inhibited most strongly by UDP-GlcNAc among the nucleotide sugars tested, and UDP was the best inhibitor among test nucleotides. UDP-GlcNAc was much more inhibitory than UDP, whereas UDP-GalNAc was much less inhibitory than UDP. These results show that the donor-binding site of enzyme has a high affinity for UDP-GlcNAc, but not UDP-GalNAc, suggesting that the enzyme essentially functions in the transfer of N-acetylglucosamine. Indeed, UDP-GlcNAc: Galβ1→4GlcNAc/Glc β-1, 3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity is known to occur in human plasma. The ratio of N-acetylgalactosamine to N-acetylglucosamine transferred to lactose with O or B plasma was 1: 20 when assayed separately at 1 μM of donor, but increased to 1.2: 1 at 5 mM. The nearly identical ratio was obtained with the partially purified enzyme preparation.View full abstractDownload PDF (1300K) -
Yoshinobu HORIUCHI, Shouichi KAMEYAMA, Motohide TAKAHASHI, Sakiyo ASAD ...1993 Volume 46 Issue 1 Pages 17-27
Published: 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe histamine-sensitizing (HS) activities of commercial precipitated diphtheria-tetanus-purified pertussis combined vaccines (DTP) submitted to the national quality control tests during the period from 1980 to 1991 were measured in mice on days 4 (EHS) and 12 (LHS) of sensitization. Annual averages of the EHS activity of the vaccines showed continuous decline during the period, while the LHS activity stayed unchanged except for 1990 and 1991. Correlation analysis between these two HS activities revealed that the vaccines could be differentiated into two groups, those showing a significant correlation and those lacking it, depending on their source manufacturers. When the vaccine was incubated at 37 C for four weeks, both the HS activities increased for the first couple of weeks at different rates, reaching their peaks after different periods; three weeks for the EHS activity and two weeks for the LHS activity. Treating the reference pertussis vaccine (for toxicity tests) with anti-pertussis toxin horse serum neutralized completely the EHS activity but the LHS activity resisted the serum. These findings suggest a possible difference between the two HS activities in their mode of action, therefore, in their roles in possible reactogenicity of the vaccine, and a necessity for separate controls of the two activities.View full abstractDownload PDF (849K) -
Abdul Latif MOLAN1993 Volume 46 Issue 1 Pages 29-35
Published: 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNinety-six cases of human hydatidosis caused by Echinococcus granulosus were diagnosed from surgical records of hospitals in Theqar Province, Southern Iraq during 1989. The infection rate was higher in female than in male patients (56 versus 40 cases) and increased with their age (maximum, 25.0% in a female group of 31-40 years and 32.5% in a male group of 41-50 years) . Many organs such as liver, lungs, peritoneum and spleen were involved, but the liver was most frequently affected. Of 96 patients, 66 (68.8%) showed single organ-involvement and 30 (31.2%) multiple organ-involvement. In 50 stray dogs surveyed for E. granulosus the prevalence was found to be 56.0% with a mean worm burden of 5, 300. The light infection (1-200 worms) was found in 10.7% of the infected dogs, the medium (201-1, 000 worms) in 21.4% and the heavy (over 1, 000 worms) in 67.9%.View full abstractDownload PDF (465K) -
Neera MEHRA, Virendra K. BHASIN1993 Volume 46 Issue 1 Pages 37-43
Published: 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSArtemisinin and six of its derivatives were evaluated for their in vitro gametocytocidal and erythrocytic schizontocidal properties on an Indian isolate of Plasmodium falciparum. One of the metabolic derivatives, DADF-dihydroartemisinin (NIH02), was found to possess gametocytocidal and erythrocytic schizontocidal properties similar to those of artemisinin. Gametocytes of this isolate were highly susceptible to the toxic effect of NIH02 (IC50=6.6 ng/ml) and younger stages were more sensitive. This is the first report about the in vitro gametocytocidal properties of a derivative of artemisinin.View full abstractDownload PDF (535K) -
Yosaburo OIKAWA, Teruaki IKEDA, Nobuhiro TAKADA, Yasuhiro YANO, Hiromi ...1993 Volume 46 Issue 1 Pages 45-49
Published: 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThree IgG (B2, C3 and F8) and two IgM (S3 and X1) monoclonal antibodies (Mab) were produced in BALB/c mice immunized with Aoki strain of spotted fever (SF) rickettsiae in Tokushima Prefecture, Japan. Of these, two (B2 and C3) reacted equally with six Japanese strains including YH strain, the prototype of R. japonica, but did not react with the foreign strains. These results indicate that SF rickettsial strains from Tokushima Prefecture were identified as R. japonica, and that the SF strains isolated at least in Shikoku District most likely belong to a common serotype.View full abstractDownload PDF (1319K) -
Xiao Qi MENG, Kiyotaka YAMAKAWA, Hisashi OGURA, Shinichi NAKAMURA1993 Volume 46 Issue 1 Pages 51-56
Published: 1993
Released on J-STAGE: March 19, 2010
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIntracellular toxin A and extracellular toxin A of Clostridium difficile were compared immunologically. Immunodiffusion tests with antiintracellular toxin A and anti-extracellular toxin A sera showed that these toxins were identical. In neutralization tests, both antisera neutralized the homologous and heterologous toxins with regard to cytotoxicity, mouse lethality and loop response at nearly the same titers. Although intracellular toxin A lacks the hemagglutination (HA) activity, anti-intracellular toxin A serum neutralized HA activity of extracellular toxin A at the same titer as did anti-extracellular toxin A serum. These results suggest that these toxins are immunologically indistinguishable and that the intracellular toxin A molecule has an antigenic site (s) for the HA activity.View full abstractDownload PDF (1839K)
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